ScienceDaily Top Science Headlines
for Monday, June 18, 2012
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Sustainability index that looks beyond GDP launched (June 17, 2012) -- The world's fixation on economic growth ignores a rapid and largely irreversible depletion of natural resources that will seriously harm future generations, according to a report which unveils a new indicator aimed at encouraging sustainability -- the Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI). The IWI looks beyond the traditional economic and development yardsticks of GDP and HDI to include a full range of assets such as manufactured, human and natural capital. ... > full story
Natural antioxidant can protect against cardiovascular disease (June 16, 2012) -- Researchers have discovered an enzyme that, when found at high levels and alongside low levels of HDL (good cholesterol), can dramatically reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. ... > full story
Low-dose vitamin D may not prevent fractures in healthy women –- what about higher doses? (June 16, 2012) -- Vitamin D and calcium are dietary requirements, but it’s unclear how much is best for us. New draft findings conclude that for healthy, postmenopausal women, daily supplementation with low levels of vitamin D — up to 400 international units — combined with 1,000 milligrams of calcium, does not reduce fracture risk. ... > full story
California physicians unprepared for electronic health record regulations (June 16, 2012) -- Electronic health records (EHRs) are used widely by California physicians, but many of their systems are not designed to meet new federal standards aimed at improving the quality of health care, according to a new report. ... > full story
Inexpensive approach to preventing type 2 diabetes shows promise (June 16, 2012) -- A simple, inexpensive method for preventing type 2 diabetes that relies on calling people and educating them on the sort of lifestyle changes they could make to avoid developing the disease has proven effective in a study conducted by researchers. ... > full story
Nanoparticles hold promise to improve blood cancer treatment (June 15, 2012) -- Researchers have engineered nanoparticles that show great promise for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable cancer of the plasma cells in bone marrow. ... > full story
Answer isn't always on the 'tip of the tongue' for older adults (June 15, 2012) -- Has your memory failed you today, such as struggling to recall a word that's "on the tip of your tongue?" If so, you're not alone. ... > full story
Smoking-cessation 'quitlines' could help identify hazardous drinkers (June 15, 2012) -- Few if any smoking-cessation "quitlines" routinely screen and counsel callers about their alcohol use. A new study has examined drinking patterns among smokers calling the New York State Smokers' Quitline. Smokers calling the quitline who reported a hazardous drinking pattern also had lower smoking-cessation rates. Quitlines could potentially identify hazardous drinkers and perhaps provide brief alcohol interventions. ... > full story
Researchers find a strong association between alcohol dependence and chromosome 5q13.2 (June 15, 2012) -- There is a strong genetic influence on the risk of developing alcohol dependence (AD). Copy number variations (CNVs) refer to a class of genetic variation that can delete and duplicate whole genes, leading to powerful genetic effects. A first-of-its-kind study has found a significant association between AD and CNVs on chromosome 5q13.2. ... > full story
Fish shed light on human melanoma (June 15, 2012) -- Zebrafish, a transparent member of the minnow family, are providing insight into human melanoma – a form of skin cancer – that may lead to new or repurposed drug treatments, for skin and other cancers. ... > full story
Scientists tie DNA repair to key cell signaling network (June 15, 2012) -- Researchers have found a surprising connection between a key DNA-repair process and a cellular signaling network linked to aging, heart disease, cancer and other chronic conditions. ... > full story
Cancer's next magic bullet may be magic shotgun (June 15, 2012) -- A new approach to drug design promises to help identify future drugs to fight cancer and other diseases that will be more effective and have fewer side effects. ... > full story
New surgery may reverse hand paralysis (June 15, 2012) -- A reconstructive neurosurgeon has pioneered a novel technique to restore hand function in patients with spinal cord injury. In a delicate four-hour procedure, he splices together tiny nerve endings, only one millimeter in width, to help restore hand mobility. ... > full story
Bugs have key role in farming approach to storing CO2 emissions (June 15, 2012) -- Tiny microbes are at the heart of a novel agricultural technique to manage harmful greenhouse gas emissions. ... > full story
Knowledge of fractions and long division predicts long-term math success (June 15, 2012) -- From factory workers to Wall Street bankers, a reasonable proficiency in math is a crucial requirement for most well-paying jobs in a modern economy. Yet, over the past 30 years, mathematics achievement of US high school students has remained stagnant -- and significantly behind many other countries, including China, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands and Canada. A research team led by Carnegie Mellon University's Robert Siegler has identified a major source of the gap -- US students' inadequate knowledge of fractions and division. ... > full story
Genetic markers hope for new brain tumor treatments (June 15, 2012) -- Researchers have identified three sets of genetic markers that could potentially pave the way for new diagnostic tools for a deadly type of brain tumor that mainly targets children. ... > full story
More to facial perception than meets the eye (June 15, 2012) -- People make complex judgments about a person from looking at their face that are based on a range of factors beyond simply their race and gender, according to new findings. ... > full story
Antioxidant shown to reduce blindness risk in extremely premature babies (June 15, 2012) -- A new study suggests that the antioxidant, rhSOD (recombinant human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase), reduces the risk of developing ROP in extremely low gestational age newborns. ... > full story
Musical brain patterns could help predict epileptic seizures (June 15, 2012) -- New insights into the electrical patterns of the brain reveal how brain waves with rapidly increasing frequencies, like musical 'glissandi,' could help predict when a patient is going to start an epileptic seizure. ... > full story
New finding on nerve repair (June 15, 2012) -- Researchers have furthered understanding of the mechanism by which the cells that insulate the nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells, protect and repair damage caused by trauma and disease. ... > full story
Active ingredient of cannabis has no effect on the progression of multiple sclerosis, study suggests (June 15, 2012) -- The first large non-commercial study to investigate whether the main active constituent of cannabis (tetrahydrocannabinol or THC) is effective in slowing the course of progressive multiple sclerosis shows that there is no evidence to suggest this; Although benefits were noted for those at the lower end of the disability scale. ... > full story
Physicists predict success of movies at the box office based solely on advertising costs (June 15, 2012) -- A group of Japanese scientists have surprised themselves by being able to predict the success or failure of blockbuster movies at the box office using a set of mathematical models. The researchers used the effects of advertising and word-of-mouth communication to create a model that turned out to be successful in predicting how each movie fared once it hit the silver screen. The only data the researchers needed to put into the model were the daily advertisement costs of 25 movies that appeared in Japanese cinemas. ... > full story
BPA exposure effects may last for generations (June 15, 2012) -- Exposure to low doses of Bisphenol A (BPA) during gestation had immediate and long-lasting, trans-generational effects on the brain and social behaviors in mice, according to a recent study. ... > full story
Vitamin D with calcium shown to reduce mortality in elderly (June 15, 2012) -- A recent study suggests that vitamin D —- when taken with calcium —- can reduce the rate of mortality in seniors, therefore providing a possible means of increasing life expectancy. ... > full story
Study suggests expanded concept of 'urban watershed' (June 14, 2012) -- Within two decades, 60 percent of the world's population will live in cities, and coping with the resulting urban drinking water and sanitation issues will be one of the greatest challenges of this century. A new study presents a new conceptual framework that addresses characteristics of watersheds that are affected by urban land uses. ... > full story
Catching some rays: Organic solar cells make a leap forward (June 14, 2012) -- Organic solar cells are becoming more efficient thanks to a new set of discoveries that alter their behaviors at the electronic level. ... > full story
Seven of ten commuters using Capital Bikeshare forgo helmet use (June 14, 2012) -- Cyclists in Washington, DC who use Capital Bikeshare for their daily commutes are much less likely to wear helmets than commuters on their own bikes. That is the finding from an observational study that compares the rate of helmet use of casual and commuting Bikeshare riders with private cyclists. ... > full story
Virtual colonoscopy without laxative equals standard OC in identifying clinically significant polyps (June 14, 2012) -- Computed tomographic colonography (CTC), also known as virtual colonoscopy, administered without laxatives is as accurate as conventional colonoscopy in detecting clinically significant, potentially cancerous polyps, according to a new study. ... > full story
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