Nature Climate Change Contents July 2012 Volume 2 Number 7 pp 469-554

TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2012 Volume 2, Issue 7 In This Issue Editorial Correspondence Commentaries Snapshot Books and Arts Interview Market Watch Research Highlights News and Views Perspectives Letters Article Beyond Boundaries Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Climate Change: Security, Resilience and Diplomacy Monday 15 and Tuesday 16 October 2012 Chatham House, London This event will assess what national and international actions must be taken now to manage 21st century climate security challenges. Speakers include: Rt Hon Edward Davey, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, UK; Christiana Figueres *, Executive Secretary, UNFCCC; Dr Jamie Shea, Director, Policy Planning, NATO Register by 15 August to benefit from the early booking rate. * in principle   Advertisement Scientific Reports publishes 457 open access papers in its first year Publishing technically sound research articles, Scientific Reports is Nature Publishing Group’s fastest growing journal. Given the speed and visibility offered, no wonder 93% of our authors said that they are “likely” or “very likely” to submit again. Keep your research moving. Submit to Scientific Reports   In This Issue Top In this issue doi:10.1038/nclimate1612 Full Text | PDF Editorial Top Australia sets price on carbon p469 doi:10.1038/nclimate1613 Australia — one of the largest per capita greenhouse-gas emitters — has committed to reduce emissions significantly over coming decades, but will its new carbon policy succeed? Full Text | PDF Correspondence Top A critical role for carbon offsets p470 Paul Dargusch and Sebastian Thomas doi:10.1038/nclimate1578 Full Text | PDF Commentaries Top Bridging the greenhouse-gas emissions gap pp471 - 474 Kornelis Blok, Niklas Höhne, Kees van der Leun and Nicholas Harrison doi:10.1038/nclimate1602 Twenty-one coherent major initiatives could together stimulate sufficient reductions by 2020 to bridge the global greenhouse-gas emissions gap. Full Text | PDF Australia's carbon price pp475 - 476 Frank Jotzo doi:10.1038/nclimate1607 Australia's carbon pricing mechanism leads the way with innovative design in price management and revenue recycling but could fall victim to partisan politics. Full Text | PDF Science and the governance of Australia's climate regime pp477 - 478 Rodney J. Keenan, Lisa Caripis, Anita Foerster, Lee Godden and Jacqueline Peel doi:10.1038/nclimate1608 The promise of a scientifically sound policy approach to tackle greenhouse-gas emissions in Australia gives hope that the country's efforts to mitigate climate change can make an effective contribution to international objectives. Full Text | PDF Snapshot Top Arctic ice turns to the dark side p479 Nicola Jones doi:10.1038/nclimate1603 Full Text | PDF Books and Arts Top Exhibition: Cultural response to climate change pp480 - 481 doi:10.1038/nclimate1593 Full Text | PDF On our bookshelf p480 doi:10.1038/nclimate1611 Full Text | PDF Interview Top Underwater aquarium pp482 - 483 doi:10.1038/nclimate1594 Late last year, after six years of design and testing, California's Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute conducted the first controlled biological experiment on deep-sea animals using a Free-Ocean Carbon Dioxide Enrichment experiment. Ocean chemist Peter Brewer talks to Nature Climate Change about the project. Full Text | PDF Market Watch Top When carbon footprints hop pp484 - 485 Anna Petherick doi:10.1038/nclimate1609 Despite having achieved legally binding commitments on emissions reductions, many countries have increased their appetite for carbon-intensive products, making up the difference through international trade. Anna Petherick reports on the sticky task of regulating these invisible carbon flows. Full Text | PDF Research Highlights Top Ecology: Interaction benefits | Ocean acidification: Flourishing seaweed | Hydrology: Catchment interactions | Policy: Adding value with biofuels | Economics: Australia's carbon farming | Adaptation: Flexible water investments | Carbon storage: Permafrost ponds | Urban climate: Defining local zones | Climate modelling: Asian aerosol influence News and Views Top Energy policy: The fair cost of renewable energy pp488 - 489 Michael Jakob doi:10.1038/nclimate1604 A cost-efficient use of climate funds in developing countries requires rigorous assessment of local mitigation costs. Now research presents a novel way to estimate the increase in energy costs involved in scaling up solar photovoltaic and wind power. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Tobias S. Schmidt et al. Oceanography: Plankton in an acidified ocean pp489 - 490 Allen J. Milligan doi:10.1038/nclimate1606 The pH of the ocean is expected to drop 0.3 units in the next century. This change is well within the pH range that plankton experience at present, but research suggests that changes in acidity near their cell surface could be larger. Full Text | PDF See also: Letter by Kevin J. Flynn et al. Nature Climate Change JOBS of the week Researcher Position in the Economics of Climate Adaptation Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) PostDoc - Animal genetic resources for the adaptation to climate change Norwegian University of Life Sciences Global Change Scientist / Environmental Biogeochemist Boston College Framing urban adaptation to climate change â�� policy strategies and finance option Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Climate change effects on the biology and ecology of aquatic vertebrates Università della Calabria â�� Dipartimento di Ecologia More Science jobs from Nature Climate Change EVENT World Congress on Earth Science and Climate Change 21.-22.08.12 Chicago, US More science events from   Perspectives Top A decade of weather extremes pp491 - 496 Dim Coumou and Stefan Rahmstorf doi:10.1038/nclimate1452 It has been widely debated whether recent extreme weather events are related to global warming. Now, from a review of the evidence so far, it is argued that certain events or an increase in their frequency can be linked with confidence to the human influence on climate. Full Text | PDF Biodiversity co-benefits of policies to reduce forest-carbon emissions pp497 - 503 Jacob Phelps, Edward L. Webb and William M. Adams doi:10.1038/nclimate1462 Reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) potentially provides joint solutions to climate change and biodiversity loss — a win–win situation. Based on a literature review, this study focuses on the different policy approaches available, including an assessment of their costs and benefits. Full Text | PDF Harnessing nature to help people adapt to climate change pp504 - 509 Holly P. Jones, David G. Hole and Erika S. Zavaleta doi:10.1038/nclimate1463 The main focus of adaptation strategies to reduce climate change-related hazards has been on hard-engineered structures such as sea walls, irrigation infrastructure and dams. A Perspective suggests that consideration of a broader spectrum of adaptation options is urgently needed, particularly advocating the merits of flexible, cost-effective and broadly applicable ecosystem-based adaptation approaches. Full Text | PDF Letters Top Changes in pH at the exterior surface of plankton with ocean acidification pp510 - 513 Kevin J. Flynn, Jerry C. Blackford, Mark E. Baird, John A. Raven, Darren R. Clark, John Beardall, Colin Brownlee, Heiner Fabian and Glen L. Wheeler doi:10.1038/nclimate1489 Ocean pH is expected to drop by 0.3 units by 2100, but it remains unclear how plankton might respond. Now research shows that pH and carbonate chemistry at the exterior surface of marine organisms deviates increasingly from those of bulk sea water as organism metabolic activity and size increases. Understanding of such deviations is important for predicting ecological response. Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Allen J. Milligan Response of corn markets to climate volatility under alternative energy futures pp514 - 518 Noah S. Diffenbaugh, Thomas W. Hertel, Martin Scherer and Monika Verma doi:10.1038/nclimate1491 Several factors can either increase or buffer the effects of climate change on the volatility of grain prices. A study shows that US corn price volatility is more sensitive to near-term climate change than to energy policy or agriculture–energy market integration. A biofuels mandate increases price sensitivity to climate change by more than 50%. Full Text | PDF Rising CO2 and increased light exposure synergistically reduce marine primary productivity pp519 - 523 Kunshan Gao, Juntian Xu, Guang Gao, Yahe Li, David A. Hutchins, Bangqin Huang, Lei Wang, Ying Zheng, Peng Jin, Xiaoni Cai, Donat-Peter Häder, Wei Li, Kai Xu, Nana Liu and Ulf Riebesell doi:10.1038/nclimate1507 Rising carbon dioxide concentrations in oceanic waters is conventionally expected to stimulate marine primary productivity, as long as sufficient light is available. Now research shows that the combination of increased carbon dioxide and increased light exposure can negatively impact photosynthesis in marine primary producers; an effect with the potential to cause widespread declines in future marine primary productivity. Full Text | PDF Human-induced global ocean warming on multidecadal timescales pp524 - 529 P. J. Gleckler, B. D. Santer, C. M. Domingues, D. W. Pierce, T. P. Barnett, J. A. Church, K. E. Taylor, K. M. AchutaRao, T. P. Boyer, M. Ishii and P. M. Caldwell doi:10.1038/nclimate1553 The possibility of anthropogenic ocean warming has led to a range of concerns, from impacts on fisheries and ocean acidification to rising sea level and changes in tropical cyclone frequency and intensity. This study substantially strengthens the attribution of the recently observed global ocean warming to human activity. Full Text | PDF Equatorial refuge amid tropical warming pp530 - 534 Kristopher B. Karnauskas and Anne L. Cohen doi:10.1038/nclimate1499 By combining satellite observations with global climate models, this study provides evidence that a few key equatorial islands and coral atolls could be spared the brunt of previously predicted tropical ocean warming and productivity decline, potentially providing crucial refuges for marine biodiversity amid global climate change. Full Text | PDF Equivalence of greenhouse-gas emissions for peak temperature limits pp535 - 538 Stephen M. Smith, Jason A. Lowe, Niel H. A. Bowerman, Laila K. Gohar, Chris Huntingford and Myles R. Allen doi:10.1038/nclimate1496 A study using a newly developed framework shows how future peak temperature is related to cumulative emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and sustained emissions of shorter-lived species such as methane, and suggests an approach for limiting future warming to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Full Text | PDF Impacts of wind farms on land surface temperature pp539 - 543 Liming Zhou, Yuhong Tian, Somnath Baidya Roy, Chris Thorncroft, Lance F. Bosart and Yuanlong Hu doi:10.1038/nclimate1505 There is increasing interest in the possible impacts of wind farms on regional weather and climate. Focusing on three large wind farms located in Texas, USA, this study finds evidence for a significant warming trend at night-time and also a small warming effect at daytime over wind farms. Full Text | PDF Spatially and temporally consistent prediction of heavy precipitation from mean values pp544 - 547 R. E. Benestad, D. Nychka and L. O. Mearns doi:10.1038/nclimate1497 The discovery of an apparently universal function describing the frequency distribution for 24-h precipitation leads to a formula relating heavy precipitation to the mean amounts and the number of days when it rains. The formula has been validated using more than 30,000 daily rain-gauge records from around the world. Full Text | PDF Article Top Assessing the costs of photovoltaic and wind power in six developing countries pp548 - 553 Tobias S. Schmidt, Robin Born and Malte Schneider doi:10.1038/nclimate1490 The 2010 Cancún Agreement established a financial mechanism, through the Green Climate Fund, to support developing countries in greenhouse-gas emissions abatement. However, the different countries’ financial needs are often assessed on the basis of top-down cost estimates of energy technologies. Now a study provides a more fine-grained bottom-up approach that highlights the need for a ‘fair’ baseline calculation methodology and calls for a phase-out of fuel subsidies. Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Michael Jakob   Beyond Boundaries Top Water and bioenergy p554 doi:10.1038/nclimate1605 Water management expert Arjen Hoekstra, together with environmental science and energy specialists, has analysed the impact of increasing the use of biofuels in the transport sector on global water demand. Full Text | PDF Advertisement Nurture your career with the new-look Naturejobs As the world's largest dedicated jobs boards for the scientific community, Naturejobs is the ideal resource to build your career. Our new and improved functionality enables you to search, save and apply for jobs quickly and easily. Search over 10,000 vacancies to find exactly the right job for you at: www.nature.com/   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant) For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices: London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2012 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.