Nature contents: 20 October 2011

Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser.     Volume 478 Number 7369      nature •Visit Nature homepage •Subscribe to Nature •View Table of Contents The science that matters. Every week.                       Researchers make better decisions faster with humanized mouse models from Taconic, the market leader in humanization. Taconic has the capability for big single-step replacements and, thanks to the most advanced technologies, is able to provide highly effective, customizable models for pre-clinical evaluation of compound efficacy.             Jump to the content that matters to you View Table of Contents ▶ ▼ News & Comment   ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Careers & Jobs       This week's highlights     Earth & Environmental Sciences More Earth & Environmental sciences ▼   Solutions for a cultivated planet   Can farmers meet society's growing food needs and at the same time protect the environment? An international team of environmental and agricultural scientists thinks they can — and identifies four strategies that could double food production while reducing environmental impacts.       Physical Sciences More Physical sciences ▼   A mass transfer origin for blue stragglers in NGC 188 as revealed by half-solar-mass companions   Observations spanning more than a decade confirm mass transfer from stellar companions as a likely explanation of the anomaly that has allowed 'over-age' blue straggler stars to survive in galactic clusters.       Earth & Environmental Sciences More Earth & Environmental sciences ▼   Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity   A meta-analysis of the biodiversity consequences of the loss of primary tropical forests suggests that any change of land use in such regions causes substantial falls in biodiversity, and confirms that secondary forests are poor substitutes for primary forest.                   A*STAR Research - Highlighting the best of research from A*STAR, Singapore's premier research organization Recent Highlights: Nanomaterials: Pillars of the assembly | Biomaterials: Nestled in | Photonics: Golden atoms Feature: Tweaking targets for antibiotics | Innovation: An impermeable wrap for future electronics Register today for biweekly ealerts and never miss the latest in A*STAR Research                 Podcast & Video     In this week's podcast: string theorists find their practical side, a molecular manipulation that boosts good fat and reduces bad fat, and are we getting less violent?         News & Comment Read daily news coverage▶ ▲top             THIS WEEK           Editorials                   Uncharted territory ▶     Political maps that seek to advance disputed territorial claims have no place in scientific papers. Researchers should keep relationships cordial by depoliticizing their work.             Positive spin ▶     Science lobbyists must boost the appeal of research to policy-makers.             The PSA position ▶     The US government must take a firm stance on whether prostate-cancer screening is justified.             World View                   Genomic medicine has failed the poor ▶     A decade on from a landmark genetic-sequencing study, promised progress on typhoid fever has not materialized, says Stephen Baker.             Seven Days                   Seven days: 14–20 October 2011 ▶     The week in science: stem-cell patents barred in Europe; Australia set for carbon tax; and full test of Indian Ocean tsunami warning system.           NEWS IN FOCUS           Angry words over East Asian seas ▶     Chinese territorial claims propel science into choppy waters.             US row threatens Chinese links ▶     Dispute intensifies over a ban on some types of scientific cooperation with China.             No quick fix for Haiti cholera ▶     As outbreak enters its second year, relief bodies move to roll out vaccine for the first time.             Vatican bids for Italian institute ▶     Debt and death hit San Raffaele research centre.             Lobbyists confront US budget crunch ▶     Money for advocacy is tight as federal cuts loom.             Seven billion and counting ▶     A look behind this month's global population landmark reveals a world in transition.             Spies to use Twitter as crystal ball ▶     US intelligence agency aims to forecast unrest by reading the runes of social media.             Features                   Collaborative physics: String theory finds a bench mate ▶     The exotic theory of everything could shed light on the behaviour of real materials, thanks to an unexpected mathematical connection with condensed-matter physics.             Dam controversy: Remaking the Mekong ▶     Scientists are hoping to stall plans to erect a string of dams along the Mekong River.           COMMENT           Decline of violence: Taming the devil within us ▶     We are getting smarter, and as a result the world is becoming a more peaceful place, says Steven Pinker.             Research ethics: Treat donors as partners in biobank research ▶     Proposed rules to protect research subjects will impede progress, say Krishanu Saha and J. Benjamin Hurlbut. Instead, give donors more say in how samples are used.             Autumn Books                   Evolution: Lies we tell ourselves ▶     Stuart West is inspired by Robert Trivers' evolutionary argument that self-deception is crucial to deceiving others effectively.             Particle physics: A question of mass ▶     The struggle to find a theory of the weak nuclear force reveals intriguing personalities, finds Edwin Cartlidge.             New in paperback ▶     Highlights from this season's releases             Fiction: Gaming, guns and virtual gold ▶     John Gilbey savours a fast-paced technological thriller based at the intersection of the real world and the cyber-universe.             Medicine: Sex and freedom ▶     W. F. Bynum applauds the life of a great educator who fought for parental choice.             Virology: Pathogenic passengers ▶     Edward C. Holmes welcomes a robust account of how viruses emerge and how pandemics can be prevented.             Technology: The inspiration exchange ▶     Chris Lintott assesses an idea that unites individual scientific expertise with collective intelligence.             Neuroscience: Capturing free will ▶     Jacek Debiec enjoys two complementary books charting the psychology and neuroscience of decision-making.             Correspondence                   Research funds: Rid Russian science of corruption Mikhail Gelfand | Italian quake: critics' logic is questionable John E. Vidale | Italian quake: science rides politics Benedetto De Vivo           Obituary                   Rudolf L. Mössbauer (1929–2011) ▶     A physicist who revitalized German science by creating a new type of spectroscopy.             Correction                   Correction ▶                         The moment new technology provides a better imaging solution. Carl Zeiss Microscopy is releasing new products for improved large field, high resolution imaging, high speed electrophysiology and affordable multi-contrast live cell manipulation.  Visit us at Neuroscience 2011 in Washington, DC on November 13 - 16 at booth 2809 to be the first to experience our newest products and view our vast portfolio.               Biological Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Motor antagonism exposed by spatial segregation and timing of neurogenesis ▶     Marco Tripodi, Anna E. Stepien & Silvia Arber     Walking is a key motor behaviour of limbed animals, executed by contraction of f...             Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans ▶     Eric L. Greer, Travis J. Maures, Duygu Ucar, Anna G. Hauswirth, Elena Mancini et al.     Chromatin modifiers regulate lifespan in several organisms, raising the question...             Verbal and non-verbal intelligence changes in the teenage brain ▶     Sue Ramsden, Fiona M. Richardson, Goulven Josse, Michael S. C. Thomas, Caroline Ellis et al.     Intelligence quotient (IQ) is a standardized measure of human intellectual capac...             Multiple routes to mammalian diversity ▶     Chris Venditti, Andrew Meade & Mark Pagel     The radiation of the mammals provides a 165-million-year test case for evolution...             A SUMOylation-defective MITF germline mutation predisposes to melanoma and renal carcinoma ▶     Corine Bertolotto, Fabienne Lesueur, Sandy Giuliano, Thomas Strub, Mahaut de Lichy et al.     So far, no common environmental and/or phenotypic factor has been associated wit...             Changes in plant community composition lag behind climate warming in lowland forests ▶     Romain Bertrand, Jonathan Lenoir, Christian Piedallu, Gabriela Riofrío-Dillon, Patrice de Ruffray et al.     Climate change is driving latitudinal and altitudinal shifts in species distribu...             RNAi promotes heterochromatic silencing through replication-coupled release of RNA Pol II ▶     Mikel Zaratiegui, Stephane E. Castel, Danielle V. Irvine, Anna Kloc, Jie Ren et al.     Heterochromatin comprises tightly compacted repetitive regions of eukaryotic chr...             Structural basis for a [4Fe-3S] cluster in the oxygen-tolerant membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenase ▶     Yasuhito Shomura, Ki-Seok Yoon, Hirofumi Nishihara & Yoshiki Higuchi     Membrane-bound respiratory [NiFe]-hydrogenase (MBH), a H2-uptake e...             The crystal structure of an oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase uncovers a novel iron-sulphur centre ▶     Johannes Fritsch, Patrick Scheerer, Stefan Frielingsdorf, Sebastian Kroschinsky, Bärbel Friedrich et al.     Hydrogenases are abundant enzymes that catalyse the reversible interconversion o...             Temperature-scan cryocrystallography reveals reaction intermediates in bacteriophytochrome ▶     Xiaojing Yang, Zhong Ren, Jane Kuk & Keith Moffat     Light is a fundamental signal that regulates important physiological processes s...             ATM controls meiotic double-strand-break formation ▶     Julian Lange, Jing Pan, Francesca Cole, Michael P. Thelen, Maria Jasin et al.     In many organisms, developmentally programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs) formed...             Bidirectional resection of DNA double-strand breaks by Mre11 and Exo1 ▶     Valerie Garcia, Sarah E. L. Phelps, Stephen Gray & Matthew J. Neale     Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination requires r...             Non-canonical inflammasome activation targets caspase-11 ▶     Nobuhiko Kayagaki, Søren Warming, Mohamed Lamkanfi, Lieselotte Vande Walle, Salina Louie et al.     Caspase-1 activation by inflammasome scaffolds comprised of intracellular nucleo...             Articles and Letters                   The evolution of gene expression levels in mammalian organs ▶     David Brawand, Magali Soumillon, Anamaria Necsulea, Philippe Julien, Gábor Csárdi et al.     Changes in gene expression are thought to underlie many of the phenotypic differ...             PDGF signalling controls age-dependent proliferation in pancreatic β-cells ▶     Hainan Chen, Xueying Gu, Yinghua Liu, Jing Wang, Stacey E. Wirt et al.     Determining the signalling pathways that direct tissue expansion is a principal ...             Biomimetic self-templating supramolecular structures ▶     Woo-Jae Chung, Jin-Woo Oh, Kyungwon Kwak, Byung Yang Lee, Joel Meyer et al.     In nature, helical macromolecules such as collagen, chitin and cellulose are cri...             Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity ▶     Luke Gibson, Tien Ming Lee, Lian Pin Koh, Barry W. Brook, Toby A. Gardner et al.     Human-driven land-use changes increasingly threaten biodiversity, particularly i...             Corridors of migrating neurons in the human brain and their decline during infancy ▶     Nader Sanai, Thuhien Nguyen, Rebecca A. Ihrie, Zaman Mirzadeh, Hui-Hsin Tsai et al.     The subventricular zone of many adult non-human mammals generates large numbers ...             Primary motor cortex underlies multi-joint integration for fast feedback control ▶     J. Andrew Pruszynski, Isaac Kurtzer, Joseph Y. Nashed, Mohsen Omrani, Brenda Brouwer et al.     A basic difficulty for the nervous system is integrating locally ambiguous senso...             Targeted gene correction of α1-antitrypsin deficiency in induced pluripotent stem cells ▶     Kosuke Yusa, S. Tamir Rashid, Helene Strick-Marchand, Ignacio Varela, Pei-Qi Liu et al.     Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a unique opportunity for ...             Metabolic priming by a secreted fungal effector ▶     Armin Djamei, Kerstin Schipper, Franziska Rabe, Anupama Ghosh, Volker Vincon et al.     Maize smut caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis is a widespread disease characte...             A vascular niche and a VEGF–Nrp1 loop regulate the initiation and stemness of skin tumours ▶     Benjamin Beck, Gregory Driessens, Steven Goossens, Khalil Kass Youssef, Anna Kuchnio et al.     Angiogenesis is critical during tumour initiation and malignant progression. Dif...             Inhibition of miR-33a/b in non-human primates raises plasma HDL and lowers VLDL triglycerides ▶     Katey J. Rayner, Christine C. Esau, Farah N. Hussain, Allison L. McDaniel, Stephanie M. Marshall et al.     Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in westernized cou...             Crystal structure of a bacterial homologue of the bile acid sodium symporter ASBT ▶     Nien-Jen Hu, So Iwata, Alexander D. Cameron & David Drew     High cholesterol levels greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Abo...             Evolution of a new enzyme for carbon disulphide conversion by an acidothermophilic archaeon ▶     Marjan J. Smeulders, Thomas R. M. Barends, Arjan Pol, Anna Scherer, Marcel H. Zandvoort et al.     Extremophilic organisms require specialized enzymes for their exotic metabolisms...             Solutions for a cultivated planet ▶     Jonathan A. Foley, Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, Emily S. Cassidy, James S. Gerber et al.     Increasing population and consumption are placing unprecedented demands on agric...             News & Views                   Tumour biology: Skin-cancer stem cells outwitted ▶     Salvador Aznar Benitah             Neuroscience: Gone with the wean ▶     Jon I. Arellano & Pasko Rakic             50 & 100 years ago ▶                 Chemical biology: Many faces of a cancer-supporting protein ▶     John F. Darby & Paul Workman             Brief Communications Arising                   Few inputs can reprogram biological networks ▶     Franz-Josef Müller & Andreas Schuppert             Corrigendum                   Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cells ▶     Kristen J. Brennand, Anthony Simone, Jessica Jou, Chelsea Gelboin-Burkhart, Ngoc Tran et al.             Research Highlights                   Evolution: Mole-rat's toothy tale | Neuroscience: Switch the pain for an itch | Reproduction: Molecular clues to infertility | Immunology: Vitamin D to fight tuberculosis | Cancer biology: Two-faced cancer gene | Virology: HIV meets its antibody match | Agricultural ecology: Organic farms flourish in the rain | Cancer: Gene signature links to drug target | Haematology: A way to save sickle cells| Materials: Blister pack of graphene         NEWS & COMMENT           Evolution: Lies we tell ourselves | New in paperback | Medicine: Sex and freedom | Virology: Pathogenic passengers | Neuroscience: Capturing free will | The PSA position | Research Ethics: Treat donors as partners in biobank research             More Biological Sciences ▶                         Nature Outlook: Medical Research Masterclass Following the recent 61st Meeting of Nobel Laureates at Lindau, Nature Outlook examines the areas of biomedical science that challenge and inspire the world's finest scientific minds. Access the Outlook free online for six months. Produced with support from: Mars, Incorporated and Porsche               Chemical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   The crystal structure of an oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase uncovers a novel iron-sulphur centre ▶     Johannes Fritsch, Patrick Scheerer, Stefan Frielingsdorf, Sebastian Kroschinsky, Bärbel Friedrich et al.     Hydrogenases are abundant enzymes that catalyse the reversible interconversion o...             Bidirectional resection of DNA double-strand breaks by Mre11 and Exo1 ▶     Valerie Garcia, Sarah E. L. Phelps, Stephen Gray & Matthew J. Neale     Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination requires r...             Articles and Letters                   Crystal structure of a bacterial homologue of the bile acid sodium symporter ASBT ▶     Nien-Jen Hu, So Iwata, Alexander D. Cameron & David Drew     High cholesterol levels greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Abo...             Evolution of a new enzyme for carbon disulphide conversion by an acidothermophilic archaeon ▶     Marjan J. Smeulders, Thomas R. M. Barends, Arjan Pol, Anna Scherer, Marcel H. Zandvoort et al.     Extremophilic organisms require specialized enzymes for their exotic metabolisms...             News & Views                   Chemical biology: Many faces of a cancer-supporting protein ▶     John F. Darby & Paul Workman           NEWS & COMMENT           Rudolf L. Mössbauer (1929–2011)             More Chemical Sciences ▶               Physical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities as the source of inhomogeneous mixing in nova explosions ▶     Jordi Casanova, Jordi José, Enrique García-Berro, Steven N. Shore & Alan C. Calder     Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions in binary stellar systems containin...             Changes in plant community composition lag behind climate warming in lowland forests ▶     Romain Bertrand, Jonathan Lenoir, Christian Piedallu, Gabriela Riofrío-Dillon, Patrice de Ruffray et al.     Climate change is driving latitudinal and altitudinal shifts in species distribu...             Articles and Letters                   A mass transfer origin for blue stragglers in NGC 188 as revealed by half-solar-mass companions ▶     Aaron M. Geller & Robert D. Mathieu     In open star clusters, where all members formed at about the same time, blue str...             Efficient quantum computing using coherent photon conversion ▶     N. K. Langford, S. Ramelow, R. Prevedel, W. J. Munro, G. J. Milburn et al.     Single photons are excellent quantum information carriers: they were used in the...             Biomimetic self-templating supramolecular structures ▶     Woo-Jae Chung, Jin-Woo Oh, Kyungwon Kwak, Byung Yang Lee, Joel Meyer et al.     In nature, helical macromolecules such as collagen, chitin and cellulose are cri...             News & Views                   Particle physics: Sterile neutrinos ▶     William C. Louis             Materials science: Deft tricks with liquid crystals ▶     Ivan I. Smalyukh             Astrophysics: Stars acquire youth through duplicity ▶     Christopher Tout             Brief Communications Arising                   Liu et al. reply ▶     Yang-Yu Liu, Jean-Jacques Slotine & Albert-László Barabási           NEWS & COMMENT           Particle physics: A question of mass | Fiction: Gaming, guns and virtual gold | Technology: The inspiration exchange | Rudolf L. Mössbauer (1929–2011)           CAREERS           Distance learning: Online education             More Physical Sciences ▶               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Changes in plant community composition lag behind climate warming in lowland forests ▶     Romain Bertrand, Jonathan Lenoir, Christian Piedallu, Gabriela Riofrío-Dillon, Patrice de Ruffray et al.     Climate change is driving latitudinal and altitudinal shifts in species distribu...             Articles and Letters                   Aerobic bacterial pyrite oxidation and acid rock drainage during the Great Oxidation Event ▶     Kurt O. Konhauser, Stefan V. Lalonde, Noah J. Planavsky, Ernesto Pecoits, Timothy W. Lyons et al.     The enrichment of redox-sensitive trace metals in ancient marine sedimentary roc...             The role of dyking and fault control in the rapid onset of eruption at Chaitén volcano, Chile ▶     Charles Wicks, Juan Carlos de la Llera, Luis E. Lara & Jacob Lowenstern     Rhyolite is the most viscous of liquid magmas, so it was surprising that on 2|[t...             Solutions for a cultivated planet ▶     Jonathan A. Foley, Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, Emily S. Cassidy, James S. Gerber et al.     Increasing population and consumption are placing unprecedented demands on agric...             Corrigendum                   High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity ▶     J. L. Sarmiento, N. Gruber, M. A. Brzezinski & J. P. Dunne           NEWS & COMMENT           Italian quake: critics' logic is questionable John E. Vidale | Italian quake: science rides politics Benedetto De Vivo             More Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶                         Nature Reviews Immunology Poster on Dendritic cells: controllers of adaptive immunity This free poster provides an overview of the key roles dendritic cells have in initiating protective adaptive immunity to pathogens and in promoting tolerogenic immune responses that contribute to tissue homeostasis. Download this poster for FREE Produced with support from Biolegend               Careers & Jobs ▲top               Distance learning: Online education ▶     Internet-based degree programmes are gaining acceptance, but doubts remain about their suitability for graduate science.                   The athletes of science ▶     Some researchers may recoil from metrics-based assessment. But they should know how others are keeping score, say Maria Pavlou and Eleftherios P. Diamandis.                   Careers related news & comment                   Positive spin | Lobbyists confront US budget crunch | Research Ethics: Treat donors as partners in biobank research | Research funds: Rid Russian science of corruption Mikhail Gelfand             naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Fellowship available in Cancer Research     Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, US           Professor in Cellular Signaling Network Biology     Technical University of Denmark, Department of Systems Biology (CBS) DK           Senior Researcher - Genomics and Proteomics of Plants     CEITEC ‐ Central European Institute of Technology of Masaryk University Brno, CZ           Gastroenterology Faculty Position     University of Washington Medical Center Seattle, US         No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter.           • Nature events featured events           natureevents featured events         Translational Cancer Research for Basic Scientists Workshop     30.10.-04.11.11 MA, US         Nature events is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.               Futures                   You, in emulation ▶     Kathryn Cramer     Brought to book....                 Your email address is in the Nature mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. 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