SciBX: Science-Business eXchange Contents: September 29 2011, Volume 4 / Issue 38

TABLE OF CONTENTS September 29 2011, Volume 4 / Issue 38 Analysis Cover Story Tools Targets and Mechanisms The Distillery: Therapeutics Cancer Endocrine disease Infectious disease Inflammation Neurology Various The Distillery: Techniques Computational models Drug delivery Drug platforms Markers Recommend to your library Web feed Available online only Subscribe Advertisement SciBX: Science-Business eXchange Recommend SciBX to your library today SciBx is a weekly publication that identifies and analyzes the most important translational research articles from over 40 journals. Find out which papers have real scientific and commercial potential, and why. Subscribe to SciBX and you won't miss the next big thing. For more information visit: www.nature.com/scibx.   Trade Secrets A Nature Network blog by BIOENTREPRENEUR Brought to you by Nature Biotechnology Access the insights, advice and commentary from scientists and entrepreneurs building biotech sectors around the world. Join the global dialogue on life science entrepreneurship: http://blogs.nature.com/trade_secrets   Analysis Cover Story Top Eradicating leukemia stem cells Chris Cain doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1056 An international team has provided evidence that BCL6 inhibitors can improve the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, potentially leading to shorter tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. The work suggests an expanded opportunity to apply inhibitors being developed by Forma Therapeutics and the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Full Text | PDF Tools Top Tissue factor–activated prodrugs Lauren Martz doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1057 A Scripps team has designed a way to activate chemotherapy prodrugs in the tumor microenvironment. The team's doxorubicin prodrugs, which have been licensed to Affinity Pharmaceuticals, showed better efficacy and safety than standard doxorubicin in mice. Full Text | PDF Targets and Mechanisms Top Subtyping lessons in brain cancer Joanne Kotz doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1058 A St. Jude team has used a disease subtype screening approach to identify 5-fluorouracil as a potential treatment for the brain cancer ependymoma, where no therapeutic has worked. The researchers plan to start a Phase I trial to confirm proof of principle for the subtype approach to drug finding. Full Text | PDF Square one in CFS Lev Osherovich doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1059 The Chronic Fatigue Initiative is moving on to new approaches to identify the true cause of chronic fatigue syndrome after a consortium of American researchers failed to reproduce the 2009 study linking CFS to a virus called XMRV. Full Text | PDF Distillery: Therapeutics Cancer Top Not applicable doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1060 An in vitro and mouse study suggests the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) could help treat ependymoma, a type of CNS tumor. Full Text | PDF MAP kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1; MEK1); MAP kinase kinase 2 (MAP2K2; MEK2) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1061 In vitro and mouse studies suggest blocking mammary fibroblast migration by inhibiting MEK1/2 could help prevent breast cancer progression. Full Text | PDF CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4; CD194); epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR2; HER2; ErbB2; neu); E7 transforming protein (Human papillomavirus-16; HpV16gp1); Silver homolog (SILV; PMEL17; GP100) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1062 Mouse studies suggest inhibiting CCR4 could help prevent tolerance to cancer vaccines. Full Text | PDF Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1); thromboxane synthase doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1063 Mouse studies suggest inhibiting biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could help prevent resistance to platinum chemotherapies. Full Text | PDF B cell CLL lymphoma 6 (BCL6) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1064 Studies in cell culture and mice suggest inhibiting BCL6 could help treat CML. Full Text | PDF Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1); MEK1; MEK2 doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1065 In vitro studies suggest combined inhibition of Chk1 and MEK1/2 could help treat MM. Full Text | PDF MEK; HER2 (EGFR2; ERBB2; neu); PTEN (MMAC1; TEP1) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1066 Studies in mice and in patient samples suggest that MEK inhibitors could help treat PTEN-mutant, HER2-positive prostate cancer. Full Text | PDF Endocrine disease Top Dopamine transporter doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1067 Nonhuman primate studies suggest Ritalin methylphenidate could have the unwanted side effect of delaying puberty. Full Text | PDF Infectious disease Top Xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1068 A study in human blood samples suggests XMRV does not cause or correlate with CFS. Full Text | PDF Influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1069 Mouse studies suggest an NP-targeting triazole analog of nucleozin could help treat influenza A infection. Full Text | PDF Panton-Valentine leukocidin (LukS-PV; pv); Panton-Valentine leukocidin chain F precursor (LukF-PV) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1070 Mouse and rabbit studies identified antibodies to leukocidin that could help treat Staphylococcus aureus infection. Full Text | PDF Inflammation Top Glucocorticoid receptor (GCCR) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1071 Rat studies identified two azaxanthene-based selective GCCR partial agonists that could help treat inflammation. Full Text | PDF Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1072 In vitro and mouse studies identified TLR2 ligands that could help treat inflammatory disorders. Full Text | PDF Neurology Top Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4γ 1 (EIF4G1) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1073 In vitro and genetic studies identified mutations in the EIF4G1 gene that could help predict susceptibility to familial PD. Full Text | PDF Various Top Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1074 In vitro and mouse studies suggest ROCK inhibition could help treat hematological malignancies driven by mutant oncogenes. Full Text | PDF Distillery: Techniques Computational models Top Characterization of genetic determinants of disease risk and response to medical therapy using publicly available sequencing data doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1075 Publically available whole-genome sequencing data could help predict disease risk and response to therapy. Full Text | PDF Drug delivery Top Fibronectin scaffolds for targeted and potent growth factor delivery in vivo doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1076 Fibronectin scaffolds engineered to bind and display soluble growth factors could help promote the healing of wounds and bone. Full Text | PDF Polysilsesquioxane nanoparticles for targeted platinum-based chemotherapy release doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1077 Tumor-targeting nanoparticles containing platinum-based chemotherapy may treat cancers more effectively than chemotherapy alone. Full Text | PDF Drug platforms Top Penetration through the blood brain barrier using adenosine receptor agonists doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1078 Studies in mice suggest adenosine receptor agonists could increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to systemically delivered CNS therapies. Full Text | PDF Markers Top Markers to predict nonresponders to interferon-α and ribavirin treatment for HCV doi:10.1038/scibx.2011.1079 A human genetic study suggests genotyping for IL-28B (IL28B; IFNL3) and major histocompatibility complex class I C (HLA-C) could help predict nonresponders to the HCV therapies interferon-α and ribavirin. 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