Nature Neuroscience Contents: October 2011 Volume 14 Number 10, pp 1219 - 1351

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You deserve more. www.hybrigenics-services.com TABLE OF CONTENTS October 2011 Volume 14, Issue 10 News and Views Review Brief Communications Articles Resource Recommend to your library Web feed Available online only Subscribe Advertisement Take a look at this recent article in Gene Therapy: Corticospinal tract transduction: a comparison of seven adeno-associated viral vector serotypes and a non-integrating lentiviral vector FREE T H Hutson, J Verhaagen, R J Yáñez-Muñoz & L D F Moon doi:10.1038/gt.2011.71   Advertisement Neuroscience and Subjectivity The Palgrave Macmillan Journal Subjectivity has just published a special issue on Neuroscience and Subjectivity, edited by John Cromby, Loughborough University, UK; Tim Newton and Simon J Williams, Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, UK To read the editorial and view the contents please visit: www.palgrave-journals.com/sub/journal/v4/n3   News and Views Top Surprise! A unifying model of dorsal anterior cingulate function? pp1219 - 1220 Tobias Egner doi:10.1038/nn.2932 Few brain regions' functions have been debated as intensely as those of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. A computational model now suggests that seemingly diverse cingulate responses may be explained by a single construct, 'negative surprise', which occurs when actions do not produce the expected outcome. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Alexander & Brown Regulation of complex I by Engrailed is complex too pp1221 - 1222 Laurie H Sanders and J Timothy Greenamyre doi:10.1038/nn.2939 Engrailed, a homeobox transcription factor that is crucial for neuronal development, is now shown to regulate mitochondrial complex I and to be critical for the survival, protection and physiology of adult dopamine neurons. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Alvarez-Fischer et al. Receptors in (e)motion pp1222 - 1224 Jelena Radulovic and Natalie C Tronson doi:10.1038/nn.2938 A study finds that recall of fear-provoking memory changes the surface levels of AMPA receptors in the dorsal hippocampus. Inhibition of AMPA receptor trafficking strengthens the memory and results in excessive fear. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Rao-Ruiz et al. Is that a bathtub in your kitchen? pp1224 - 1226 Marius V Peelen and Sabine Kastner doi:10.1038/nn.2936 We can efficiently and rapidly recognize daily-life visual settings. A study finds that scene recognition involves the posterior object-selective visual cortex, where multiple within-scene objects are represented in parallel. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by MacEvoy & Epstein Maintaining a Highwire act p1226 Timothy Spencer doi:10.1038/nn1011-1226 Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Tian et al. Neuroscience JOBS of the week PhD student DNA repair, cohesion and cancer Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) Leiden, NL Postdoctoral Scholar UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, US Postdoctoral Positions in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics University of Southern California (USC) Los Angeles, US Alzheimer's Research UK PhD Scholarship Alzheimer's Research UK GB Research Assistant Bioinformatics Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, ES More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT 4-day Neurofeedback in ADHD course 22.-25.11.11 Nijmegen, Netherlands More science events from Review Top Heterogeneity of CNS myeloid cells and their roles in neurodegeneration pp1227 - 1235 Marco Prinz, Josef Priller, Sangram S Sisodia and Richard M Ransohoff doi:10.1038/nn.2923 Abstract | Full Text | PDF Brief Communications Top Experience-dependent expression of miR-132 regulates ocular dominance plasticity pp1237 - 1239 Paola Tognini, Elena Putignano, Alessandro Coatti and Tommaso Pizzorusso doi:10.1038/nn.2920 CREB-mediated transcription is known to be important for ocular dominance plasticity (ODP). Expression of the mircoRNA miR-132 is under CREB control, and this study finds that miR-132 directly regulates ODP. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF miR-132, an experience-dependent microRNA, is essential for visual cortex plasticity pp1240 - 1242 Nikolaos Mellios, Hiroki Sugihara, Jorge Castro, Abhishek Banerjee, Chuong Le, Arooshi Kumar, Benjamin Crawford, Julia Strathmann, Daniela Tropea, Stuart S Levine, Dieter Edbauer and Mriganka Sur doi:10.1038/nn.2909 This study identifies a subset of microRNAs whose expression is differentially regulated by visual experience and finds that inhibition of one of the miRNAs, miR-132, in the mouse visual cortex impairs ocular dominance plasticity. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Automatic spread of attentional response modulation along Gestalt criteria in primary visual cortex pp1243 - 1244 Aurel Wannig, Liviu Stanisor and Pieter R Roelfsema doi:10.1038/nn.2910 Using direct recordings in monkeys, the authors find that attention spreads to elements when gestalt cues indicate that it is part of an attended object, even when these elements themselves are outside of the focus of attention. This finding supports object-based attentional theories. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF A lateralized brain network for visuospatial attention pp1245 - 1246 Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Flavio Dell'Acqua, Stephanie J Forkel, Andrew Simmons, Francesco Vergani, Declan G M Murphy and Marco Catani doi:10.1038/nn.2905 The authors report the existence of a bilateral parieto-frontal network in humans whose hemispheric lateralization predicts the degree of specialization of the right hemisphere for visuospatial attention. This specialization is associated with an unbalanced speed of visuospatial processing between the two hemispheres. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF A category-specific response to animals in the right human amygdala pp1247 - 1249 Florian Mormann, Julien Dubois, Simon Kornblith, Milica Milosavljevic, Moran Cerf, Matias Ison, Naotsugu Tsuchiya, Alexander Kraskov, Rodrigo Quian Quiroga, Ralph Adolphs, Itzhak Fried and Christof Koch doi:10.1038/nn.2899 Recording from neurosurgical patients undergoing epilepsy monitoring, the authors find specific responses to pictures of animals in the right amygdala. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Differential roles of human striatum and amygdala in associative learning pp1250 - 1252 Jian Li, Daniela Schiller, Geoffrey Schoenbaum, Elizabeth A Phelps and Nathaniel D Daw doi:10.1038/nn.2904 The authors employ the computational learning approach that is widely used in the striatum to examine the contributions of the amygdala, and find that these two structures have complementary roles in aversive learning. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Articles Top Ligand-binding domain of an α7-nicotinic receptor chimera and its complex with agonist pp1253 - 1259 Shu-Xing Li, Sun Huang, Nina Bren, Kaori Noridomi, Cosma D Dellisanti, Steven M Sine and Lin Chen doi:10.1038/nn.2908 The authors determine the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of a receptor chimera constructed from the human α7 acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), as well as the structure with bound epibatidine, a potent AChR agonist. The structures provide a realistic template for structure-aided drug design and for defining structure-function relationships of α7 AChRs. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Engrailed protects mouse midbrain dopaminergic neurons against mitochondrial complex I insults pp1260 - 1266 Daniel Alvarez-Fischer, Julia Fuchs, François Castagner, Olivier Stettler, Olivia  Massiani-Beaudoin, Kenneth L Moya, Colette Bouillot, Wolfgang H Oertel, Anne Lombès, Wolfgang Faigle, Rajiv L Joshi, Andreas Hartmann and Alain Prochiantz doi:10.1038/nn.2916 Homeobox proteins Engrailed-1 (En1) and Engrailed-2 (En2) are transcription factors that direct midbrain cell specification during development. Here, the authors show that exogenous En1 and En2 protect against dopaminergic cell death in several rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Sanders & Greenamyre Drosophila Rae1 controls the abundance of the ubiquitin ligase Highwire in post-mitotic neurons pp1267 - 1275 Xiaolin Tian, Jing Li, Vera Valakh, Aaron DiAntonio and Chunlai Wu doi:10.1038/nn.2922 The highwire (Hiw)/DFsn ubiquitin ligase complex regulates synaptic morphology during development and axonal regeneration on injury. The authors identify Drosophila Rae1 as a component of the Hiw/DFsn complex and show that it controls Hiw protein abundance during synaptic development. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Spencer Local Ca2+ detection and modulation of synaptic release by astrocytes pp1276 - 1284 Maria Amalia Di Castro, Julien Chuquet, Nicolas Liaudet, Khaleel Bhaukaurally, Mirko Santello, David Bouvier, Pascale Tiret and Andrea Volterra doi:10.1038/nn.2929 The authors characterize the endogenous local calcium dynamics in the processes of adult mouse hippocampal astrocytes, and find that the astrocytic Ca2+ activity is generated by synaptic events and contributes to basal synaptic transmission reliability. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Presynaptic regulation of quantal size: K+/H+ exchange stimulates vesicular glutamate transport pp1285 - 1292 Germaine Y Goh, Hai Huang, Julie Ullman, Lars Borre, Thomas S Hnasko, Laurence O Trussell and Robert H Edwards doi:10.1038/nn.2898 The authors report that rat brain glutamatergic synaptic vesicles express monovalent cation/H+ exchangers that convert the Δψ of the proton electrochemical gradient into Δψ. They find that this K+/H+ exchange stimulates the accumulation of glutamate into vesicles, regulating glutamate release and thus synaptic transmission. Abstract | Full Text | PDF A circadian clock in hippocampus is regulated by interaction between oligophrenin-1 and Rev-erbα pp1293 - 1301 Pamela Valnegri, Malik Khelfaoui, Olivier Dorseuil, Silvia Bassani, Celine Lagneaux, Antonella Gianfelice, Roberta Benfante, Jamel Chelly, Pierre Billuart, Carlo Sala and Maria Passafaro doi:10.1038/nn.2911 This study describes how the circadian clock and regulators of synaptic activity influence each other by identifying the ways in which oligophrenin-1 (a regulator of dendritic spine morphology) and Rev-erbα (a nuclear factor regulating circadian rhythms) interact. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Retrieval-specific endocytosis of GluA2-AMPARs underlies adaptive reconsolidation of contextual fear pp1302 - 1308 Priyanka Rao-Ruiz, Diana C Rotaru, Rolinka J van der Loo, Huibert D Mansvelder, Oliver Stiedl, August B Smit and Sabine Spijker doi:10.1038/nn.2907 The authors show that retrieval of fear memory modifies the membrane expression of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors and synaptic strength in the dorsal hippocampus. This synaptic plasticity exerts an inhibitory constraint on memory strengthening and underlies the loss of fear response by reinterpretation of memory content during adaptive reconsolidation. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Radulovic & Tronson Cone photoreceptor contributions to noise and correlations in the retinal output pp1309 - 1316 Petri Ala-Laurila, Martin Greschner, E J Chichilnisky and Fred Rieke doi:10.1038/nn.2927 Recording from primate retinal ganglion cells, the authors find that cone noise, traversing the retina through diverse pathways, accounts for most of the noise and correlations in the retinal output. This constrains how higher centers exploit signals carried by parallel visual pathways. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Coordinated dynamic encoding in the retina using opposing forms of plasticity pp1317 - 1322 David B Kastner and Stephen A Baccus doi:10.1038/nn.2906 Adaptation helps sensory neurons optimize in a steady environment, but can cause a failure in transmission when the environment changes suddenly. The authors report that the retina overcomes this limitation by complementing adaptation with an opposing process that sensitizes a separate population of neurons following a strong stimulus. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Constructing scenes from objects in human occipitotemporal cortex pp1323 - 1329 Sean P MacEvoy and Russell A Epstein doi:10.1038/nn.2903 The authors use multivoxel pattern analysis of fMRI data to examine the role of lateral occipital (LO) cortex in the recognition of real-world visual scenes. They find that LO may support an object-based channel for scene recognition by combining information about multiple objects within a scene. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Peelen & Kastner Grid cells generate an analog error-correcting code for singularly precise neural computation pp1330 - 1337 Sameet Sreenivasan and Ila Fiete doi:10.1038/nn.2901 Mammalian grid cells have a spatially periodic pattern of responses to location, which is a puzzling feature. Here, the authors demonstrate that this pattern of activity is compatible with a coding scheme that allows for very accurate localization. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Medial prefrontal cortex as an action-outcome predictor pp1338 - 1344 William H Alexander and Joshua W Brown doi:10.1038/nn.2921 The authors present a computational model based on standard learning rules that can simulate and account for a large range of known effects in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), including dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Their model suggests that this region is involved in learning and predicting the likely outcomes of actions and detecting when those predicted outcomes fail to occur. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Egner Resource Top Neuronal activity modifies the DNA methylation landscape in the adult brain pp1345 - 1351 Junjie U Guo, Dengke K Ma, Huan Mo, Madeleine P Ball, Mi-Hyeon Jang, Michael A Bonaguidi, Jacob A Balazer, Hugh L Eaves, Bin Xie, Eric Ford, Kun Zhang, Guo-li Ming, Yuan Gao and Hongjun Song doi:10.1038/nn.2900 It has been unclear how extensively neuronal DNA methylome is regulated by activity. In this resource article, the authors use next-generation sequencing methods and quantitatively compare the CpG methylation landscape of adult mouse dentate granule neurons in vivo before and after synchronous neuronal activation. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Top Advertisement Publish at the interface of basic and clinical neurovascular research The Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (JCBFM) features timely and relevant research highlighting experimental, theoretical, and clinical aspects of brain circulation, metabolism and imaging. The journal attracts the best material in the fields of neuroscience, hematology and endocrinology and metabolism and provides authors with a superior publishing experience. Submit your best research to JCBFM TODAY   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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