11 November 2010 Volume 468 Number 7321, pp 133 - 340
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EDITORIALS
----------------------
Combating schizophrenia p133
Research has revealed daunting complexities in the psychiatric
condition, but also new routes towards diagnosis and treatment.
doi:10.1038/468133a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=91&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
States or the union pp133-134
California climate initiative moves decisively forward, providing a
glimmer of hope.
doi:10.1038/468133b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Worth waiting for p134
A wise report on genetic screening from the Leopoldina has been 350
years in the making.
doi:10.1038/468134a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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WORLD VIEW
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Double trouble? To throw cash at science is a mistake p135
Politicians who seek economic recovery should look beyond the budget
of the National Science Foundation, argues Daniel Sarewitz
Daniel Sarewitz
doi:10.1038/468135a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Evolutionary ecology: Chasing off biters benefits others p136
doi:10.1038/468136a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Catalyst makes dyeing greener p136
doi:10.1038/468136b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Particle physics: Neutral molecules whirl around p136
doi:10.1038/468136c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Neurobiology: Trimming brain connections pp136-137
doi:10.1038/468136d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Film bends with light p137
doi:10.1038/468137a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Agriculture: Sterile moths fight resistance p137
doi:10.1038/468137b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Wave patterns in Saturn's big ring p137
doi:10.1038/468137c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Zoology: No sons for snake that shuns sex p137
doi:10.1038/468137d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
COMMUNITY CHOICE
Immunology: It's not you. It's your organelles. p137
doi:10.1038/468137e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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SEVEN DAYS
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Seven days: 4-11 November 2010 pp138-139
The week in science
doi:10.1038/468138a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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Measuring the meltdown pp141-142
With global warming hitting the Tibetan plateau hard, scientists
gather to plan an international research campaign to understand and
mitigate changes at the 'third pole'.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/468141a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=265&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Vaccine offers meningitis hope p143
First affordable and effective weapon against killer meningococcal
meningitis A rolled out in Africa.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/468143a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
China tackles surge in mental illness p145
Psychological examinations to be added to selection procedure for
government officials.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/468145a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
US science faces a squeeze pp146-147
Power shift in Congress paves way for Republicans to constrict
government spending.
Richard Monastersky, Jeff Tollefson, Meredith Wadman and
Eugenie Samuel Reich
doi:10.1038/468146a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=136&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Funding crisis hits US ageing research p148
Shortfalls hamper scientists' efforts to address a predicted epidemic
of age-related diseases.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/468148a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=303&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
There will be blood pp149-149
Direct conversion of cell types could offer safer, simpler treatments
than stem cells.
Ewen Callaway
doi:10.1038/468149a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=301&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p149
doi:10.1038/468149b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FEATURES
----------------------
Schizophrenia: The making of a troubled mind pp154-156
Schizophrenia appears during adolescence. But where does one begin
and the other end?
David Dobbs
doi:10.1038/468154a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Schizophrenia: The drug deadlock pp158-159
The biology is too complicated. Pharma companies are quitting. Where
are schizophrenia drugs going to come from?
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/468158a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Settling the great glia debate pp160-162
Do the billions of non-neuronal cells in the brain send messages of
their own?
doi:10.1038/468160a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
COMMENT
----------------------
Short-lived campaigns are not enough pp163-165
The stigma of mental illness will be reduced only if region-specific
awareness initiatives become a permanent fixture of health and social
services, argues Norman Sartorius.
Norman Sartorius
doi:10.1038/468163a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=119&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Cognitive remediation therapy needs funding pp165-166
More rigorous studies should be done on the effects of a therapy that
seems to improve the everyday functioning of people with
schizophrenia, says Til Wykes.
Til Wykes
doi:10.1038/468165a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
In retrospect: The five lives of the psychiatry manual pp168-170
Roy Richard Grinker describes the military origins of the key
reference work for diagnosing mental illness.
Roy Richard Grinker reviews Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual: Mental Disorders
doi:10.1038/468168a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Books in brief p169
doi:10.1038/468169a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Innovation: Lighting the creative spark pp170-171
Ingenuity combines individual skill with shared ideas, explains
Robert J. Sternberg.
Robert J. Sternberg reviews Sudden Genius? The Gradual Path to
Creative Breakthroughs by Andrew Robinson
doi:10.1038/468170a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A: On facts and fiction p172
Novelist Tracy Chevalier describes her experience of judging the
entries in this year's Royal Society Prize for Science Books, and
explains why she placed a nineteenth-century female fossil hunter at
the centre of her last novel.
Jennifer Rohn
doi:10.1038/468172a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Cities need plants and animals too p173
Patrick R. Huber and Steven E. Greco
doi:10.1038/468173a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Water: act now to restore river health p173
Patrick Dugan and Edward H. Allison
doi:10.1038/468173b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Water: biofuels sap supplies p173
Bobban Subhadra
doi:10.1038/468173c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Ireland should fund best research p173
Gareth Dyke
doi:10.1038/468173d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Concrete helix recalls smallpox win p173
Julio Licinio, Simon Easteal and Ma-Li Wong
doi:10.1038/468173e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
OBITUARY
----------------------
John Huchra (1948-2010) p174
Astronomer who mapped the structure of the Universe.
Robert Kirshner
doi:10.1038/468174a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS & VIEWS
----------------------
Stroke: Recovery inhibitors under attack pp176-177
Once a blood vessel supplying the brain has been blocked, the
opportunity to prevent brain damage is fleeting. An alternative
strategy might be to guide the damaged area onto the path to
recovery. See Letter p.305
Kevin Staley
doi:10.1038/468176a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Electronics: A diverse printed future pp177-178
An approach that entails printing compound-semiconductor ribbons on
a silicon substrate offers the means to build nanoscale transistors
that can be switched on and off much more effectively than their bulk
analogues. See Letter page 286
John A. Rogers
doi:10.1038/468177a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: The split view of motion pp178-179
In both fruitflies and vertebrates, signals from photoreceptor cells
are immediately split into two opposing channels in the downstream
neurons. This might facilitate the computation of visual motion.
See Letter p.300
Chi -Hon Lee
doi:10.1038/468178a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Animal behaviour: How to confuse thirsty bats p181
Stefano Tonzani
doi:10.1038/468181a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Fundamental constants: Big G revisited pp181-183
Measuring Newton's constant of gravitation is a difficult task,
because gravity is the weakest of all the fundamental forces. An
experiment involving two simple pendulums provides a seemingly
accurate but surprising value.
Richard Davis
doi:10.1038/468181b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p182
doi:10.1038/468182a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolutionary genomics: When abnormality is beneficial pp183-184
One might think that aneuploidy -- having an abnormal number of
chromosomes -- would be harmful, and would reduce an organism's
fitness. Not necessarily: it all depends on the type of aneuploidy
and the associated conditions. See Letter p.321
Judith Berman
doi:10.1038/468183a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=307&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
High-temperature superconductivity: Mind the pseudogap pp184-185
The discovery of predicted collective electronic behaviour in
copper-oxide superconductors in the non-superconducting state
provides clues to unlocking the 24-year-old mystery of
high-temperature superconductivity. See Letter p.283
Chandra Varma
doi:10.1038/468184a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=313&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
PERSPECTIVES
----------------------
Rethinking schizophrenia pp187-193
Thomas R. Insel
doi:10.1038/nature09552
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=310&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=319&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
From maps to mechanisms through neuroimaging of schizophrenia
pp194-202
Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
doi:10.1038/nature09569
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=312&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
The environment and schizophrenia pp203-212
Jim van Os, Gunter Kenis and Bart P. F. Rutten
doi:10.1038/nature09563
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=321&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
INSIGHT
----------------------
INTRODUCTION
Glia p213
Tanguy Chouard and Noah Gray
doi:10.1038/468213a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
REVIEW ARTICLE
Developmental genetics of vertebrate glial-cell specification
pp214-222
David H. Rowitch and Arnold R. Kriegstein
doi:10.1038/nature09611
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=246&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Regulation of synaptic connectivity by glia pp223-231
Cagla Eroglu and Ben A. Barres
doi:10.1038/nature09612
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=318&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Glial and neuronal control of brain blood flow pp232-243
David Attwell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09613
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=222&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=233&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Myelination and support of axonal integrity by glia pp244-252
Klaus-Armin Nave
doi:10.1038/nature09614
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=223&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
The myeloid cells of the central nervous system parenchyma pp253-262
Richard M. Ransohoff and Astrid E. Cardona
doi:10.1038/nature09615
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=224&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=109&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Dysfunction in GABA signalling mediates autism-like stereotypies and
Rett syndrome phenotypes pp263-269
Mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene cause Rett
syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder with features of autism.
Multiple mouse models of MeCP2 have been generated, but show only a
subset of the symptoms of Rett syndrome. These authors find that mice
with selective deletion of MeCP2 in GABA-mediated neurons show not
only impaired GABA-mediated function, but capitulate multiple key
features of Rett, further suggesting a role of inhibitory function
in neuropsychiatric disease.
Hsiao-Tuan Chao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09582
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=225&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetic dissection of an amygdala microcircuit that gates conditioned
fear pp270-276
The central amygdala relies on inhibitory circuitry to encode fear
memories, but how this information is acquired and expressed in these
connections is unknown. Two new papers use a combination of
cutting-edge technologies to reveal two distinct microcircuits within
the central amygdala, one required for fear acquisition and the other
critical for conditioned fear responses. Understanding this
architecture provides a strong link between activity in a specific
circuit and particular behavioural consequences.
Wulf Haubensak et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09553
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
pp277-282
The central amygdala relies on inhibitory circuitry to encode fear
memories, but how this information is acquired and expressed in these
connections is unknown. Two new papers use a combination of
cutting-edge technologies to reveal two distinct microcircuits within
the central amygdala, one required for fear acquisition and the other
critical for conditioned fear responses. Understanding this
architecture provides a strong link between activity in a specific
circuit and particular behavioural consequences.
Stephane Ciocchi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09559
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Hidden magnetic excitation in the pseudogap phase of a high-Tc
superconductor pp283-285
Recent findings indicate that the pseudogap regime in the
high-transition-temperature copper oxides constitutes a new phase of
matter rather than a mere crossover phenomenon. These authors report
inelastic neutron scattering results for HgBa2CuO4+[delta] that
reveal a fundamental collective magnetic mode associated with the
unusual order, further supporting this picture. The mode's intensity
rises below the pseudogap characteristic temperature and its
dispersion is weak.
Yuan Li et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09477
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=322&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Ultrathin compound semiconductor on insulator layers for
high-performance nanoscale transistors pp286-289
A potential route to enhancing the performance of electronic devices
is to integrate compound semiconductors, which have superior
electronic properties, within silicon, which is cheap to process.
These authors present a promising new concept to integrate ultrathin
layers of single-crystal indium arsenide on silicon-based substrates
with an epitaxial transfer method borrowed from large-area
optoelectronics. With this technique, the authors fabricate thin-film
transistors with excellent device performance.
Hyunhyub Ko et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09541
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=221&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Early oxygenation of the terrestrial environment during the
Mesoproterozoic pp290-293
It is thought that rises in atmospheric oxygen concentrations
occurred about 2.3 and 0.8 billion years ago, with the latter
implicated in the subsequent evolutionary expansion of complex
biota. Sulphur isotope fractionation data from an ancient
sedimentary succession in Scotland now suggest that the terrestrial
environment was already sufficiently oxygenated to support a biota
adapted to an oxygen-rich atmosphere about 1.2 billion years ago.
John Parnell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09538
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=227&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Sequential faulting explains the asymmetry and extension discrepancy
of conjugate margins pp294-299
These authors use seismic imaging to accurately measure fault
extension at the conjugate west Iberia and Newfoundland margins and
compare this with crustal thinning. They use these observations to
create a balanced kinematic model of rifting that resolves the
extension discrepancy -- where crustal thinning seems to be greater
than the extension caused by brittle faulting.
Cesar R. Ranero and Marta Perez-Gussinye
doi:10.1038/nature09520
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=228&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
ON and OFF pathways in Drosophila motion vision pp300-304
Ramon y Cajal, the founding father of neuroscience, observed
similarities between the vertebrate retina and the insect eye, but
that was based purely on anatomy. Using state-of-the-art genetics and
electrophysiology in the fruitfly, these authors distinguish
motion-sensitive neurons responding to abrupt increases in light from
those specific to light decrements, thus bringing the similarity with
vertebrate circuitry to the functional level.
Maximilian Joesch et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09545
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Reducing excessive GABA-mediated tonic inhibition promotes functional
recovery after stroke pp305-309
Following a stroke, there is generally limited functional recovery,
but plasticity in adjacent intact areas may be critical to
rehabilitation. These authors report that tonic GABAA inhibition is
elevated in cortex immediately surrounding the stroke site.
Furthermore, genetically or pharmacologically reducing tonic GABAA
receptor signalling leads to improved functional and motor recovery
in a mouse model of stroke, suggesting that this could be a new
pharmacological target for stroke therapy.
Andrew N. Clarkson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09511
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=245&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Inductive angiocrine signals from sinusoidal endothelium are required
for liver regeneration pp310-315
These authors describe a molecular pathway by which endothelial cells
sustain liver regeneration after surgical resection. Activation of
vascular endothelial growth factor-A receptor-2 in a defined
subpopulation of liver endothelial cells leads to the upregulation of
the endothelial-specific transcription factor Id1, which in turn
induces Wnt2 and hepatocyte growth factor, which are secreted from
the endothelial cells and trigger hepatocyte proliferation.
Bi-Sen Ding et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09493
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=204&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
A genome-wide RNAi screen reveals determinants of human embryonic
stem cell identity pp316-320
Realizing the full potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in
research and clinical applications requires a detailed understanding
of the genetic network that governs their unique properties. A
genome-wide RNA interference screen identifies a wealth of new
regulators of self-renewal and pluripotency properties in hESCs. The
transcription factor PRDM14, for example, is required for the
maintenance of hESC identity and reprogramming of somatic cells to
pluripotency.
Na-Yu Chia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09531
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=207&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Aneuploidy confers quantitative proteome changes and phenotypic
variation in budding yeast pp321-325
Profiling of a large set of aneuploid yeast strains grown under a
variety of conditions demonstrates that aneuploidy can affect both
the transcriptome and the proteome and can generate significant
phenotypic variation that could lead to fitness gains.
Norman Pavelka et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09529
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=315&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
The mechanism of retroviral integration from X-ray structures of its
key intermediates pp326-329
Insertion of retrovirus genome into host genome to replicate is
mediated by a tetramer of the virus-encoded integrase protein. The
structure of a related integrase from prototype foamy virus bound to
the cleaved viral DNA ends, a complex called the intasome, was
previously revealed. These authors solve the structure of the
intasome interacting with the target host DNA both before and after
it is cleaved, revealing new details of the integration process that
may help in designing improved inhibitors of HIV.
Goedele N. Maertens, Stephen Hare and Peter Cherepanov
doi:10.1038/nature09517
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=236&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Iron-catalysed oxidation intermediates captured in a DNA repair
dioxygenase pp330-333
Mononuclear iron-containing oxygenases have many important roles in
the cell, including the demethylation of DNA and histones. These
authors crystallized the AlkB oxygenase in complex with various
modified DNAs. By growing the crystals under anaerobic conditions
and then exposing them to dioxygen to initiate oxidation, two
different intermediates were trapped. A third type of intermediate
was determined using additional computational analysis. These
structures provide insight into how these enzymes perform oxidative
demethylation.
Chengqi Yi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09497
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ERRATUM
----------------------
Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity p334
C. J. Vorosmarty et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09549
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=172&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
News
Awards: Thumbs up for Canadian mentors p335
Nature recognizes the best of the country's science advisers.
Nicola Jones
doi:10.1038/nj7321-335a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A
Jacob Hanna p337
Palestinian researcher heads to Israel to foster scientific exchange.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7321-337a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=234&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Website to help women p337
Arizona initiative offers support to female doctoral students.
doi:10.1038/nj7321-337b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Universities ranked p337
European biology, chemistry and physics programmes get assessed.
doi:10.1038/nj7321-337c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Satisfaction survey p337
Harvard group puts focus on faculty members.
doi:10.1038/nj7321-337d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
George and Priti p340
Binary love.
Anand Odhav Naranbhai
doi:10.1038/468340a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
10 November 2010
Oxidant stress evoked by pacemaking in dopaminergic neurons is
attenuated by DJ-1
Jaime N. Guzman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09536
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Planar polarized actomyosin contractile flows control epithelial
junction remodelling
Matteo Rauzi, Pierre-Francois Lenne and Thomas Lecuit
doi:10.1038/nature09566
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Light-avoidance-mediating photoreceptors tile the Drosophila larval
body wall
Yang Xiang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09576
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Growth of graphene from solid carbon sources
Zhengzong Sun et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09579
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Suppression of inflammation by a synthetic histone mimic
Edwige Nicodeme et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09589
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
07 November 2010
Impaired hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine in myeloid cancers with
mutant TET2
Myunggon Ko et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09586
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=309&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=309&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to multilineage blood
progenitors
Eva Szabo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09591
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=314&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=314&m=35973550&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODYzNzA1MTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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