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Here is your customized PHYSorg.com Newsletter for October 20, 2010:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
- Model describes Web page popularity- Why the leopard got its spots
- Clearing the cosmic fog: The most distant galaxy ever measured (w/ Video)
- Scientists show TAp63 suppresses cancer metastasis
- New equation could advance research in solar cell materials
- New theory links depression to chronic brain inflammation
- Scientists capture first direct images of theoretically predicted magnetic monopoles
- Accurate Avogadro constant may help redefine the kilogram
- Can fluid dynamics offer insights into quantum mechanics?
- Long-term couples know less about each other
- Scientists simulate hurricane-force winds in the lab (w/ Video)
- New space research settles years of scientific debate
- Star, not so bright: Model explains evolution of unusual binary system, why large star not so luminous
- New findings could sway thought on climate change
- 'Junk DNA' uncovers the nature of our ancient ancestors
Space & Earth news
Europe's spaceport awaiting Hylas-1 satellite launch
The Hylas-1 telecommunications satellite has arrived at Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana. Its next journey will be to space, on an Ariane 5 launcher towards its operational orbit nearly 36 000 km up.
Adapt now to keep farming's water flowing
Agricultural and horticultural businesses could face damaging water shortages in the coming decades as a result of climate change. Adaptation across the whole industry is needed to meet the impending challenge.
Projected global loss of biodiversity could be halved due to structural changes
A combination of measures in different sectors could result in halving the projected global loss of biodiversity, up to 2050. This was calculated by the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency in close cooperation with LEI, part of Wageningen UR, and the University of British Columbia. The study will be presented at the upcoming COP10 meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),
Scientists track an insidious toxic substance in China
(PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists at the University at Buffalo and the Chinese University of Mining and Technology/Beijing are tracing a toxic trajectory of excess fluorine, which may be crippling millions of people with skeletal fluorosis in a poor, remote Chinese province.
New airborne multiangle polarizing imager checked out by NASA ER-2
A team of Jet Propulsion Laboratory researchers and their collaborators at the University of Arizona’s College of Optical Sciences in Tucson are developing a new prototype science instrument for a next-generation space satellite mission that would survey the impacts of aerosols and clouds on global climate change.
Typhoon Megi's heavy rainfall witnessed by NASA as it moves into the South China Sea
Typhoon Megi is now over the South China Sea as a Category 3 typhoon, gaining more strength after drenching the northern Philippines. NASA satellites saw the heavy rainfall and very high thunderstorm cloud tops from space, two indications of a powerful typhoon.
Measuring changes in rock: Research looks at effect of stored carbon dioxide on minerals
The capture and storage of carbon dioxide in deep geologic formations, a strategy for minimizing the impacts of greenhouse gases on global warming, may currently be technologically feasible. But one key question that must be answered is the ability of subsurface materials to maintain their integrity in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide -- a fluid state in which the gas is condensed at high temperature and pressure into a liquid.
NASA replacing seals in leaky shuttle fuel line
(AP) -- Space shuttle Discovery needs more repair work before it can take off on its last flight.
3 NASA satellites capture Typhoon Megi strengthening again
Three NASA satellites are keeping tabs on Typhoon Megi and noticed that it was strengthening in the South China Sea today, but increasing wind shear may again weaken the system over the next couple of days.
GOES-13 sees system 99L organizing tropically
The GOES-13 satellite keeps a continuous eye over the eastern U.S., the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, and noticed that System 99L is much better organized today, October 20, hinting that it could become a tropical depression later today.
Measuring sea-level rise in the Falklands
Sea levels around the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic have risen since the mid nineteenth century and the rate of sea-level rise has accelerated over recent decades, according to newly published research. The findings are as expected under global warming and consistent with observations elsewhere around the globe.
Nine moons, 62 Hours for (long) weekend warrior
Taking a long-weekend road trip, NASA's Cassini spacecraft successfully glided near nine Saturnian moons, sending back a stream of raw images as mementos of its adrenaline-fueled expedition. The spacecraft sent back particularly intriguing images of the moons Dione and Rhea.
Microbes may consume far more oil-spill waste than earlier thought
Microbes living at the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico may consume far more of the gaseous waste from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill than previously thought, according to research carried out within 100 miles of the spill site.
New space research settles years of scientific debate
(PhysOrg.com) -- New space research published this week (Thursday 21 October) in the journal Nature, has settled decades of scientific debate. Researchers from the University of California (UCLA) and British Antarctic Survey (BAS) have found the final link between electrons trapped in space and the glow of light from the upper atmosphere known as the diffuse aurora. The research will help us understand 'space weather', with benefits for the satellite, power grid and aviation industries, and how space storms affect the Earth's atmosphere from the top down.
Star, not so bright: Model explains evolution of unusual binary system, why large star not so luminous
In a galaxy far away, an exceptionally massive black hole is traveling around a massive star in an unusually tight orbit. Also odd, the star is not as bright as it should be.
New findings could sway thought on climate change
(PhysOrg.com) -- A newly published paper written by a University of Nebraska-Lincoln researcher and his team could influence the way scientists think about global warming and its effects.
Clearing the cosmic fog: The most distant galaxy ever measured (w/ Video)
(PhysOrg.com) -- A European team of astronomers using ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) has measured the distance to the most remote galaxy so far. By carefully analysing the very faint glow of the galaxy they have found that they are seeing it when the Universe was only about 600 million years old (a redshift of 8.6). These are the first confirmed observations of a galaxy whose light is clearing the opaque hydrogen fog that filled the cosmos at this early time. It has taken 13.1 billion years, travelling at 300,000 kilometres (186,000 miles) per second, for this smudge of infant light to arrive.
Technology news
Starbucks hopes free songs, e-books lure customers
(AP) -- Starbucks is adding a venti-sized dollop of free books, news and entertainment to its Internet offerings starting Wednesday.
India's Micromax hopes to hit market soon with IPO
India's biggest domestic mobile handset seller Micromax Informatics said Wednesday it aims to launch an initial public offer (IPO) once it gets regulatory approval.
Argonne launches new tool to help auto industry reduce costs
The Center for Transportation Research (CTR) at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory unveiled today a new "plug and play" modeling tool that complements the automotive industry's interest in reducing costs by accelerating the development and introduction of advanced automotive technologies.
Detecting drivers in microsleep with infrared LED
A new infrared light-emitting diode (IR-LED) from the Siemens subsidiary Osram Opto Semiconductors is designed to help recognize the hazardous microsleep that affects motorists. In addition to the IR-LED, this requires a suitable camera with a CMOS sensor. The sensor detects IR light at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, which isn't visible to the human eye, and analyzes the image of the driver that is captured by the camera. And it all takes place unnoticed by the driver - even at night.
Abbott 3Q profit falls on Solvay, Meridia costs
(AP) -- Drug and medical device maker Abbott Laboratories said Wednesday its third-quarter net income dropped 40 percent on costs connected with its purchase of Solvay Pharmaceuticals and its decision to withdraw the diet drug Meridia from the U.S. and Canadian markets.
Australia police serve court order via Facebook
Australian police served a court order on an alleged cyber bully using the social networking site Facebook, officials said Wednesday, describing it as a national first.
NTU researchers develop world's smallest on-chip low-pass filter
A research team from Nanyang Technological University (NTU, Singapore) has successfully designed the world's smallest on-chip low-pass filter which is 1,000 times smaller than existing off-chip filters.
Small is beautiful in hydroelectric power plant design, and good for the environment
Hydroelectric power is the oldest and the "greenest" source of renewable energy. In Germany, the potential would appear to be completely exploited, while large-scale projects in developing countries are eliciting strong criticism due to their major impact on the environment. Researchers at Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) have developed a small-scale hydroelectric power plant that solves a number of problems at the same time: The construction is so simple, and thereby cost-efficient, that the power generation system is capable of operating profitably in connection with even modest dam heights. Moreover, the system is concealed in a shaft, minimizing the impact on the landscape and waterways. There are thousands of locations in Europe where such power plants would be viable, in addition to regions throughout the world where hydroelectric power remains an untapped resource.
Wealthfront lets regular folks invest like the rich
Startup Wealthfront has revamped its online service to give middle- and lower-income people in the United States investment tools typically reserved for the rich to make profit on their money.
Haiti could build, modify earthquake-prone structures with new system
Civil engineers studying the effects of Haiti's devastating earthquake have concluded that a relatively simple system could be used by officials to quickly decide how to modify existing buildings and construct new ones that would better withstand future quakes.
New mobile phone app 'Popcode' adds virtual reality to real world objects (w/ Video)
Have you ever struggled to follow a set of assembly instructions for flat-pack furniture? Simon Taylor, a PhD student in Dr Tom Drummond's group, and Connell Gauld, a graduate of the MEng course in 2010, have been working on a framework for adding virtual content to real world objects. They can bring written instructions to life using a technique called Augmented Reality (AR).
Fox, Cablevision dispute stretches into 5th day
(AP) -- The dispute between Fox and Cablevision that has left 3 million cable subscribers in the New York area without Fox programming has stretched into its fifth day.
Apple adds FaceTime for Macs, shows off iLife '11
Apple Inc. has kicked off a Mac computer-themed event at its company headquarters.
UF team's work pays off with unmanned-flight system that captures valuable data
On an airboat on Lake Okeechobee, four University of Florida researchers prepare to launch an airplane -- by hand.
EBay 3Q profit rises 22 percent
(AP) -- EBay Inc. on Wednesday said its third-quarter profit climbed 22 percent, helped by cost-cutting and its growing PayPal business.
HP launches webOS 2.0 for the Palm and new Pre2 smartphone (w/ Video)
(PhysOrg.com) -- HP has just released their webOS 2.0 for the Palm Pre and Pre2. This release should give HP a more completive edge in the smarphone arena. WebOS 2.0 offers consumers a new application experience not found on any other smarphone platform.
New search method tracks down influential ideas
(PhysOrg.com) -- Princeton computer scientists have developed a new way of tracing the origins and spread of ideas, a technique that could make it easier to gauge the influence of notable scholarly papers, buzz-generating news stories and other information sources.
Scientists simulate hurricane-force winds in the lab (w/ Video)
Researchers used more than 100 giant fans to create hurricane-force winds in an experiment Tuesday that crumpled an ordinary home within minutes but left a better-built home standing at its side.
Medicine & Health news
Devastating impact of spinal osteoporotic fractures revealed on World Osteoporosis Day
A new report issued by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) for World Osteoporosis Day puts the spotlight on the severe impact of spinal fractures and calls on health professionals to recognize the signs of these fractures in their patients.
Girls with ovarian germ-cell tumors can safely skip chemotherapy unless disease recurs
Researchers from Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center (DF/CHCC) have found that as many as 50 percent of young girls treated for germ-cell ovarian tumors might safely be spared chemotherapy using a "watch and wait" strategy to determine if the follow-up treatment is needed.
Study identifies barriers to successful treatment of children with sarcoma in low-income countries
BOSTON––Raising the survival rate of children with sarcoma in low-income countries will require steps to diagnose the disease sooner, train cancer pathologists, expand radiation therapy services, create multi-specialty teams to review each case, and other actions, according to an international study led by Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center researchers. The findings will be presented at the 42nd Congress of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) in Boston on Friday, Oct. 22.
A redeeming role for a common virus
A common virus that can cause coughing and mild diarrhea appears to have a major redemptive quality: the ability to kill cancer. Harnessing that power, researchers at Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, part of Georgetown University Medical Center, are conducting a clinical trial to see if the virus can target and kill certain tumor types.
Surgical aortic valve replacement should remain the standard treatment for aortic stenosis
Despite the promising results of the "Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves (PARTNER) trial," featured in the Oct. 21 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, a cardiothoracic surgeon from Boston Medical Center (BMC) believes that surgical aortic-valve replacement should remain the standard treatment of aortic stenosis. In the accompanying editorial, the author argues that Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) should be reserved for patients at inordinately high risk who are not suitable candidates for surgery and who have decreased life expectancy.
Low testosterone linked to heightened risk of early death
Low testosterone levels seem to be linked to a heightened risk of premature death from heart disease and all causes, suggests research published online in Heart.
Eating disorder anorexia nervosa causes potentially serious eye damage
The eating disorder anorexia nervosa causes potentially serious eye damage, suggests a small study published online in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.
Mounting research shows increased health risks from volcanic air pollution
Kilauea Volcano on Hawaii's big island has been erupting on its east rift since 1983. But, in March 2008, an additional eruption vent opened at the volcano's summit, resulting in about triple the amount of sulfur dioxide gas (SO2) emissions drifting to the local community of Ka'u, raising health concerns over the risks associated with exposure to "vog," as the islanders refer to this volcanic air pollution.
Eating mostly whole grains, few refined grains linked to lower body fat
People who consume several servings of whole grains per day while limiting daily intake of refined grains appear to have less of a type of fat tissue thought to play a key role in triggering cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, a new study suggests. Researchers at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Researcher Center on Aging (USDA HNRCA) at Tufts University observed lower volumes of Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) in people who chose to eat mostly whole grains instead of refined grains.
Preventing HIV transmission during breastfeeding
In order to reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to baby during breastfeeding, scientists are developing a low-cost, modified nipple shield which dispenses antiviral compounds.
Detecting breast cancer recurrence
Connie Krabbe understands the fear and foreboding breast cancer survivors feel when visiting their physicians for post-treatment check-ups. Two of her four sisters died of metastatic cancer related to breast cancer, enduring bone, brain and ovarian cancer before succumbing to the disease in their early 50s.
Psychologists at the forefront of weight management
Over the last few decades, the dramatic rise in pediatric obesity rates has emerged as a public health threat requiring urgent attention. The responsibility of identifying and treating eating and weight-related problems early in children and adolescents falls to health care providers and other professionals who work with the child, according to Professor Denise Wilfley and colleagues from the Department of Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in the US. Furthermore, the key to successful treatment is a team effort involving providers and parents.
The real 'mommy brain': New mothers grew
Motherhood may actually cause the brain to grow, not turn it into mush, as some have claimed. Exploratory research published by the American Psychological Association found that the brains of new mothers bulked up in areas linked to motivation and behavior, and that mothers who gushed the most about their babies showed the greatest growth in key parts of the mid-brain.
New regulator of circadian clock identified
Daily sleeping and eating patterns are critical to human well-being and health. Now, a new study from Concordia University has demonstrated how the brain chemical dopamine regulates these cycles by altering the activity of the "clock-protein" PER2. Published in the Journal of Neuroscience, these findings may have implications for individuals with Parkinson's Disease with disrupted 24-hour rhythms of activity and sleep.
EU wants ban on killer drug suspect 'meow meow'
The European Commission Wednesday called for a ban on suspected killer drug mephedrone, a popular ecstasy-like party drug known as "meow meow", sold on the Internet and available in 12 EU nations.
A fifth of a second: Falling in love is more scientific than you think
(PhysOrg.com) -- A new meta-analysis study conducted by Syracuse University Professor Stephanie Ortigue is getting attention around the world. The groundbreaking study, "The Neuroimaging of Love," reveals falling in love can elicit not only the same euphoric feeling as using cocaine, but also affects intellectual areas of the brain. Researchers also found falling in love only takes about a fifth of a second.
Researchers analyze student grief online after campus shootings
After the campus shootings at Virginia Tech in 2007 and Northern Illinois University in 2008, hundreds of affected students turned to social media websites to share their grief and search for solace. A new study of these students found that their online activities neither helped nor harmed their long-term psychological health.
Women fight the effects of chemotherapy long after treatment ends
For some women, the effects of breast cancer, the most common cancer affecting women, do not end when they leave the hospital. Now, researchers in the University of Missouri School of Health Professions have studied the lives of breast cancer patients following chemotherapy and found that their environments and available support systems help determine the quality of their lives.
Neurogenetics research sheds light on the causes of neurological disease
The last two decades have seen tremendous progress in understanding the genetic basis of human brain disorders. Research developments in this area have revealed fundamental insights into the genes and molecular pathways that underlie neurological and psychiatric diseases. In a new series of review articles published by Cell Press in the October 21 issue of the journal Neuron, experts in the field discuss exciting recent advances in neurogenetics research and the potential implications for the treatment of these devastating disorders.
Alarms over radiation from thyroid cancer patients
(AP) -- Cancer patients sent home after treatment with radioactive iodine have contaminated hotel rooms and set off alarms on public transportation, a congressional investigation has found.
Obsessing over strep throat in kids
A common infection in children, strep throat can lead to problems with a child's heart, joints or brain if left untreated. And when the brain is involved, motor and mental functioning may be compromised, leading to syndromes such as attention deficit disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Harm reduction cigarettes can be more harmful than conventional brands, researchers report
To reduce the toxicity of cigarette smoke, tobacco companies have introduced "harm reduction cigarettes," often marketed as safer than conventional brands.
Halloween candy: Facts and myths
(PhysOrg.com) -- A holiday devoted to vampires, goblins and ghouls is a recipe for a ghastly night of fright. But false stories of marauding strangers and poison-laced candy can make the evening scarier than it needs to be. Susannah Southern, RD, LDN, explains how to tell truth from fiction as you stay safe and well on Halloween.
Estrogen replacement therapy speeds ovarian cancer growth, new study reports
Estrogen therapy used by menopausal women causes a type of ovarian cancer to grow five times faster, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Colorado Cancer Center.
Study: Medical cost of obesity soars
The medical costs of obesity are twice as high as previously reported, according to the first study to estimate the causal effects of obesity on U.S. medical costs.
Magic tricks reveal surprising results about autism
Magicians rely on misdirection -- drawing attention to one place while they're carrying out their tricky business somewhere else. It seems like people with autism should be less susceptible to such social manipulation. But a new study in the U.K. finds that people with autism spectrum disorder are actually more likely to be taken in by the vanishing ball trick, where a magician pretends to throw a ball in the air but actually hides it in his hand.
Burn injuries rapidly deplete vitamin E
Severe burn injuries in children have been shown to rapidly deplete the levels of vitamin E in their body's adipose, or fat tissues, a new clinical study has found.
Dopamine model could play role in treating schizophrenia and drug addiction
In the brain, dopamine is involved in a number of processes that control the way we behave. If an action results in the substance being released, we are more likely to repeat the action. This applies to actions such as eating, sexual intercourse or winning a competition. However, the same also holds true when individuals take harmful narcotics. Scientists believe that mental illnesses such as schizophrenia can be linked to dopamine imbalances.
Researchers find potential therapeutic target across a range of cancer types
Researchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine, in collaboration with investigators of the National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) of France led by Nicolae Ghinea, PhD, have found a common link among several malignant tumor types in all grades of cancer. This breakthrough may ultimately provide a new diagnostic or therapeutic target to detect cancer early or stop tumor growth. The study is published in the October 21 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine.
Elusive protein may lead the fight against inflammatory disease
A husband and wife research team from Melbourne, Australia, have identified a protein that may be a key therapy for many inflammatory diseases, including those affecting premature babies.
Frontal lobe of the brain is key to automatic responses to various stimuli, say scientists
Some people may excel at riding a bike, tying a tie, or playing the piano, but those same people may find it difficult to explain or teach those skills to someone else.
Gene therapy may be powerful new treatment for major depression
In a report published in the Oct. 20 issue of Science Translational Medicine, researchers at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center say animal and human data suggest gene therapy to the brain may be able to treat patients with major depression who do not respond to traditional drug treatment.
New tumor proteins may identify a range of cancers early
A new study led by Ohio State University cancer researchers describes a novel cancer-specific protein that is present in a broad range of cancer types and at all stages of tumor development, from premalignant cells to metastatic tumor cells.
Long-term couples know less about each other
(PhysOrg.com) -- A new study has unexpectedly found that couples married for over 40 years know less about each other than couples who have been together for just a couple of years.
New theory links depression to chronic brain inflammation
Chronic depression is an adaptive, reparative neurobiological process gone wrong, say two University of California, San Diego School of Medicine researchers, positing in a new theory that the debilitating mental state originates from more ancient mechanisms used by the body to deal with physical injury, such as pain, tissue repair and convalescent behavior.
Scientists show TAp63 suppresses cancer metastasis
Long overshadowed by p53, its famous tumor-suppressing sibling, the p63 gene does the tougher, important job of stifling the spread of cancer to other organs, researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center report in the Oct. 21 issue of Nature.
Biology news
UN: World's natural assets vital to policymaking
(AP) -- Governments and businesses around the world need to recognize the immense economic value of preserving species and ecosystems and incorporate that into their decision-making, a U.N. report said Wednesday.
Sanofi-Aventis says gets US approval for Genzyme bid
French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis said on Wednesday that US competition authorities had not raised any objections to its hostile bid for US biotechnology group and rare disease specialist Genzyme.
Philippines may have more unique bird species: biologist
Recent work by Dr. David Lohman, assistant professor of biology at The City College of New York, suggests the Philippines, considered by biologists to be a "biodiversity hotspot," could have more unique species of birds than previously thought. If that proves to be the case, it could have important ramifications for conservation practices there.
Coral algae (symbiodinium) discovered in black corals at never seen before depths
Researchers at the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), an organized research unit in the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa's School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology have made a remarkable new discovery.
'Reaper' protein strikes at mitochondria to kill cells
Our cells live ever on the verge of suicide, requiring the close attention of a team of molecules to prevent the cells from pulling the trigger. This self-destructive tendency can be a very good thing, as when dangerous precancerous cells are permitted to kill themselves, but it can also go horribly wrong, destroying brain cells that store memories, for instance. Rockefeller University scientists are parsing this perilous arrangement in ever finer detail in hopes that understanding the basic mechanisms of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, will enable them eventually to manipulate the process to kill the cells we want to kill and protect the ones we don’t.
Wake-up call: Researchers find sleepy fibroblasts are quite lively
A surprising level of activity discovered in "sleepy" cells throughout the human body could be a key to good health.
Hidden communities revealed by new DNA sequencing
(PhysOrg.com) -- Half a bucket full of sand from an unassuming beach in Scotland has revealed a far richer and more complex web of microscopic animals living within the tiny ‘ecosystem’ than have previously been identified.
Rare but deadly virus reveals potential weakness in new study
The JC polyomavirus doesn't strike very often, but it's a mean bug that preys on people with weakened immune systems, including people with AIDS, and almost always kills them. Now an international team of scientists at Brown University, the University of Tübingen in Germany, and Imperial College in London has found a potential Achilles Heel and painted a target on it: The virus must bind to a very specific sugar molecule dangling from the side of the brain cells it attacks.
Energy revolution key to complex life
The evolution of complex life is strictly dependent on mitochondria, the tiny power stations found in all complex cells, according to a new study by Dr Nick Lane, from UCL (University College London), and Dr William Martin, from the University of Dusseldorf.
'Junk DNA' uncovers the nature of our ancient ancestors
The key to solving one of the great puzzles in evolutionary biology, the origin of vertebrates -- animals with an internal skeleton made of bone -- has been revealed in new research from Dartmouth College and the University of Bristol.
Climate change may create tipping points for populations, not just species
(PhysOrg.com) -- As Earth's climate warms, species are expected to shift their geographical ranges away from the equator or to higher elevations.
Why the leopard got its spots
Why do leopards have rosette shaped markings but tigers have stripes? Rudyard Kipling suggested that it was because the leopard moved to an environment "full of trees and bushes and stripy, speckly, patchy-blatchy shadows" but is there any truth in this just-so story?
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