7 October 2010 Volume 467 Number 7316, pp 633 - 744
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A meeting of minds
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EDITORIALS
----------------------
Stem-cell laws in China fall short p633
The Chinese government's regulations of stem-cell treatments are
admirable in principle, but tougher enforcement measures are needed
to protect patients.
doi:10.1038/467633a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Transgenic harvest pp633-634
African nations are laying foundations to extend the use of GM
technology on the continent.
doi:10.1038/467633b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Garage biology p634
Amateur scientists who experiment at home should be welcomed by the
professionals.
doi:10.1038/467634a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
WORLD VIEW
----------------------
Scientists need a shorter path to research freedom pp635-635
Francis Collins explains why the NIH is launching a bid to help some
doctoral students dramatically reduce the time required to start an
independent career.
Francis Collins
doi:10.1038/467635a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Biotechnology: Pictures predict embryos' fate p636
doi:10.1038/467636a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cognitive neuroscience: Vicious cycle of overeating p636
doi:10.1038/467636b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Guide the way to nerve repair p636
doi:10.1038/467636c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Hydrology: Groundwater stores running dry p636
doi:10.1038/467636d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer biology: Tumours pave their own path pp636-637
doi:10.1038/467636e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=123&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Infectious disease: Battling bacterial blood infection p637
doi:10.1038/467637a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stem cells: Reprogramming cells with RNA p637
doi:10.1038/467637b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Not-so-extinct animals p637
doi:10.1038/467637c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: Thriving with genomic errors p637
doi:10.1038/467637d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
COMMUNITY CHOICE
Environmental science: Where greenhouse gases start p637
doi:10.1038/467637e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
SEVEN DAYS
----------------------
Seven days: 7 October 2010 pp638-639
The week in science
doi:10.1038/467638a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS
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Baby boom bags Nobel prize pp641-642
UK pioneer of in vitro fertilization wins medicine honour.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/467641a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=244&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Graphene speeds pair to Stockholm win p642
Research on carbon sheets scores Nobel Prize in Physics.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/467642a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Plan for addiction institute splits NIH p643
Researchers are divided after a vote to combine work on drugs and
alcohol in one unified body.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/467643a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
NASA privacy case goes to highest court p644
The US Supreme Court will rule on sweeping background checks on
scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Eugenie Samuel Reich
doi:10.1038/467644a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&AS
A shocking discovery p645
Susan Reverby describes her finding that several hundred Guatemalans
were exposed to syphilis by the US Public Health Service.
Ivan Semeniuk
doi:10.1038/467645a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Gene expression: Epigenome effort makes its mark p646
Major release of maps charting non-genetic modifications goes beyond
DNA in a bid to beat complex human disease.
Alla Katsnelson
doi:10.1038/467646a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Safety authority rebuts conflict claim p647
Greens highlight industry links in bid to discredit European food
agency.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/467647a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Corrections p647
doi:10.1038/467647b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FEATURES
----------------------
Earth science: Weighing the world pp648-649
After a near-death crisis, the best gravity sensor in space is back
to full strength, providing data that will keep scientists on the
level.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/467648a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Garage biotech: Life hackers pp650-652
Amateur hobbyists are creating home-brew molecular-biology labs, but
can they ferment a revolution?
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/467650a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=245&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
COMMENT
----------------------
Altruism researchers must cooperate pp653-655
Biologists studying the evolution of social behaviour are at
loggerheads. The disputes -- mainly over methods -- are holding back
the field, says Samir Okasha.
Samir Okasha
doi:10.1038/467653a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Cosmology: No miracle in the multiverse pp657-658
Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow suggest our Universe isn't all
that special, finds Michael Turner.
Michael Turner reviews The Grand Design: New Answers to the Ultimate
Questions of Life by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow
doi:10.1038/467657a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Animal behaviour: The wisdom of the bees pp658-659
Swarms teach us that leaders should create conditions for collective
decisions, learns John Whitfield.
John Whitfield reviews Honeybee Democracy by Thomas D. Seeley
doi:10.1038/467658a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Books in brief p659
Joanne Baker
doi:10.1038/467659a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
History: The light and shade of German science p660
From physiology to physics, a stirring exhibition reflects 300 years
of science in Berlin, discovers Alison Abbott.
Alison Abbott reviews Weltwissen (World Knowledge): 300 Years of
Science in Berlin
doi:10.1038/467660a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Better living through physics p661
David C. Krakauer and Jessica C. Flack
doi:10.1038/467661a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Inclusive fitness is just bookkeeping p661
Michael Doebeli
doi:10.1038/467661b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ground truth is the test that counts p661
Peter Nonacs
doi:10.1038/467661c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Call for a return to rigour in models p661
Matthijs van Veelen, Julian Garcia, Maurice W. Sabelis and
Martijn Egas
doi:10.1038/467661d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS & VIEWS
----------------------
Surface science: Seeing the spin through pp664-665
Interfaces can have quite different properties from those of their
constituent materials. But it's surprising that the adsorption of a
single organic molecule onto a magnetic surface can drastically
modify that surface's magnetism.
Stefano Sanvito
doi:10.1038/467664a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Medical microbiology: A toxin contest pp665-666
The bacterium Clostridium difficile can cause life-threatening human
disease. The question is which of the organism's two toxins is the
more crucial to its pathogenicity. The answer is one or the other,
or both. See Letter p.711
Jimmy D. Ballard
doi:10.1038/467665a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanofluidics: Tiny electrostatic traps pp666-667
Methods for trapping tiny particles are increasingly needed,
especially for biological assays, but they often involve complicated
apparatus. An approach has been discovered that could simplify
matters considerably. See Letter p.692
Jan C. T. Eijkel and Albert van den Berg
doi:10.1038/467666a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
DNA repair: A protein giant in its entirety pp667-668
Purification of the human tumour-suppressor protein BRCA2, which is
crucial for DNA repair, has been a formidable challenge owing to its
large size. That mission is now accomplished, providing biochemical
insight. See Article p.678
Lee Zou
doi:10.1038/467667a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Atmospheric physics: Solar surprise? pp668-669
The detection of unexpected changes in the Sun's spectral irradiance
during the declining phase of the most recent solar cycle, and their
implications for Earth's atmosphere, are intriguing. But they must
be viewed as provisional. See Letter p.696
Rolando R. Garcia
doi:10.1038/467668a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mycology: Spores ride a cooperative wind p669
Tim Lincoln
doi:10.1038/467669a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p670
doi:10.1038/467670a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Vision: Neurons show their true colours pp670-671
How do we tell red from green? Work on the primate retina shows how
neural circuitry combines signals from individual cone photoreceptor
cells to provide the basic building blocks for colour vision. See
Article p.673
Jonathan B. Demb and David H. Brainard
doi:10.1038/467670b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Functional connectivity in the retina at the resolution of
photoreceptors pp673-677
Colour perception arises from the comparison of signals from
different cone types, but how these inputs are combined by ganglion
cells, which transmit the output of the retina, has been an issue of
contention. Using large-scale multi-electrode arrays and fine-grained
visual stimulation, these authors map out the locations and types of
single-cone inputs to entire populations of ganglion cells, resulting
in input-output maps at an unprecedented resolution and scale.
Greg D. Field et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09424
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Purified human BRCA2 stimulates RAD51-mediated recombination
pp678-683
The two hereditary breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and
BRCA2, have roles in responding to DNA damage. When they are mutated
or absent, genomic instability, a contributory factor to cancer
development, results. Studies of BRCA2 have been hampered by its
large size, which makes purification of the full-length protein
challenging. These authors report the first in vitro characterization
of full-length BRCA2 and delineate the different ways by which BRCA2
facilitates RAD51-mediated homologous recombination.
Ryan B. Jensen, Aura Carreira and Stephen C. Kowalczykowski
doi:10.1038/nature09399
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
High star formation rates as the origin of turbulence in early and
modern disk galaxies pp684-686
High-resolution observations of early galaxies have shown that
two-thirds are massive rotating disk galaxies with velocity
dispersions typically five times higher than in today's galaxies.
These authors report observations of a sample of rare,
high-velocity-dispersion disk galaxies. They find that their velocity
dispersions are correlated with their star formation rates, but not
their masses or gas fractions, suggesting that star formation is the
energetic driver of galaxy disk turbulence at all cosmic epochs.
Andrew W. Green et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09452
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon pp687-691
Electron spins generated by phosphorus dopant atoms buried in silicon
represent well-isolated quantum bits with long coherence times, but
so far the control of such single electrons has been insufficient to
use them in this way. These authors report single-shot, time-resolved
readout of electron spins in silicon, achieved by coupling the donor
atoms to a charge-sensing device called a single-electron transistor.
This opens a path to the development of a new generation of quantum
computing and spintronic devices in silicon.
Andrea Morello et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09392
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geometry-induced electrostatic trapping of nanometric objects in a
fluid pp692-695
Many fields would benefit from a simple and efficient method of
trapping single particles, but this is extremely difficult when
dealing with nanometre-sized objects in solution. These authors show
that grooves and pockets etched into fluidic channels that acquire a
charge on exposure act as highly effective electrostatic traps. With
further optimization, this trapping concept could allow contact-free
confinement of single proteins and nanoparticles, their sorting and
fractionation, or assembly into high-density arrays.
Madhavi Krishnan, Nassiredin Mojarad, Philipp Kukura and
Vahid Sandoghdar
doi:10.1038/nature09404
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
An influence of solar spectral variations on radiative forcing of
climate pp696-699
Radiative forcing over an '11-year' solar cycle is thought to be in
phase with related influences on climate, but recent satellite data
reveal a surprising spectral component in solar variability. These
authors show that these spectral variations lead to decreases in
ozone below 45 km and increases above. As a consequence, radiative
forcing of surface climate is out of phase with solar activity,
suggesting that a major revision of our current understanding of
solar forcing of climate may be required.
Joanna D. Haigh, Ann R. Winning, Ralf Toumi and Jerald W. Harder
doi:10.1038/nature09426
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Melting above the anhydrous solidus controls the location of volcanic
arcs pp700-703
These authors use a scaling argument derived from a model of heat
transfer in subduction zones to argue that the locations of volcanic
arcs cannot be explained by the release of fluids in reactions taking
place near the top of the slab. Instead, they conclude that the
sharpness of the volcanic fronts, together with the systematics of
their locations, require that arcs be located above the place where
the boundary defined by the anhydrous solidus makes its closest
approach to the trench.
Philip C. England and Richard F. Katz
doi:10.1038/nature09417
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=222&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming pp704-706
Temperature increase does not have a linear effect on an organism's
biology. These authors use observed global temperature change to
calculate the change in metabolic rate for ectotherms. Despite
smaller temperature increases in the tropics, these areas, which
contain the largest proportion of biodiversity, are likely to
experience just as much change in metabolic rate.
Michael E. Dillon, George Wang and Raymond B. Huey
doi:10.1038/nature09407
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
The ploidy conveyor of mature hepatocytes as a source of genetic
variation pp707-710
In Escherichia coli, the uptake of L-fucose, an important source of
carbon for microorganisms, is mediated by a proton symporter from the
major facilitator superfamily (MFS). These authors report the first
X-ray crystal structure of the outward-open conformation of an MFS
proton transporter, FucP. Building on previous work, they develop a
working model for how the substrate is recognized by the transporter
and how the protein mediates L-fucose/proton symport. Cells that
make up the liver are known to be polyploid. These authors show that
mouse hepatocytes can increase and decrease their ploidy in vivo;
increases occur as a result of failed cytokinesis, and decreases
occur as a result of multipolar mitosis. The resulting genetic
heterogeneity might be advantageous following hepatic injury,
allowing the selection of 'genetically robust' cells from a
pre-existing pool of diverse genotypes.
Andrew W. Duncan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09414
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection
pp711-713
Clostridium difficile, an important nosocomial pathogen, produces two
toxins. Studies with purified toxins have indicated that only toxin A
is important for pathogenesis, but recently it has been suggested
that toxin B causes the majority of the disease symptoms in the
context of a bacterial infection. These authors demonstrate that both
toxins are important for disease and will need to be considered for
diagnosis and treatment.
Sarah A. Kuehne et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09397
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Asterless is a scaffold for the onset of centriole assembly pp714-718
Centrioles are essential for the formation of centrosomes, cilia and
flagella. The centriolar protein Polo-like-kinase 4 (Plk4) is a key
regulator of centriole biogenesis and for maintaining constant
centriole number in cells. These authors show that the centriolar
protein Asterless (CEP152 in humans) interacts with Plk4 and Sas-4.
They find that Asl functions as a scaffold for Plk4 and Sas-4 that
facilitates self-assembly and duplication of the centriole, and
organization of pericentriolar material.
Nikola S. Dzhindzhev et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09445
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Phosphorylation of the CPC by Cdk1 promotes chromosome bi-orientation
pp719-723
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) coordinates several processes
during cell division, including chromosome bi-orientation and
cytokinesis, and its proper localization is crucial. These authors
provide a mechanism for its localization to the inner centromere.
Cdk1-cyclin-B-dependent phosphorylation of the CPC promotes binding
to shugoshin, which the authors define as a conserved centromeric
adaptor of the CPC. This mechanism is conserved between fission yeast
and human cells and highlights a crucial role of Cdk1-cyclin B in
chromosome bi-orientation.
Tatsuya Tsukahara, Yuji Tanno and Yoshinori Watanabe
doi:10.1038/nature09390
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Direct visualization of secondary structures of F-actin by electron
cryomicroscopy pp724-728
The formation of filamentous F-actin, through polymerization of
globular G-actin, is essential for processes such as cell motility
and muscle contraction. These authors report the structure of F-actin
as visualized by electron cryomicroscopy, and build a complete atomic
model of F-actin. This new structure will improve our understanding
of the mechanism of actin assembly and disassembly.
Takashi Fujii, Atsuko H. Iwane, Toshio Yanagida and Keiichi Namba
doi:10.1038/nature09372
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=161&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Crystal structure of the human symplekin-Ssu72-CTD phosphopeptide
complex pp729-733
The scaffolding protein symplekin affects the initiation and
termination of transcription and is involved in cleavage and
polyadenylation at the 3[prime] ends of precursor messenger RNAs.
These authors have solved the structure of a ternary complex of
symplekin, a short peptide mimicking the phosphorylated
carboxy-terminal tail of RNA polymerase II, and Ssu72, which
dephosphorylates this residue. The structure suggests explains how
Ssu72 binding can facilitate polyadenylation activity when
3[prime]-end processing is coupled to transcription.
Kehui Xiang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09391
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=172&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of a fucose transporter in an outward-open conformation
pp734-738
In Escherichia coli, the uptake of L-fucose, an important source of
carbon for microorganisms, is mediated by a proton symporter from the
major facilitator superfamily (MFS). These authors report the first
X-ray crystal structure of the outward-open conformation of an MFS
proton transporter, FucP. Building on previous work, they develop a
working model for how the substrate is recognized by the transporter
and how the protein mediates L-fucose/proton symport.
Shangyu Dang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09406
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Feature
The spread of postdoc unions p739
Unionizing has become more common at US campuses, but postdocs should
weigh up the pros and cons of membership.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7316-739a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Official appreciation p741
US congressional resolution raises awareness about postdocs.
doi:10.1038/nj7316-741a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Plant grants announced p741
HHMI boosts plant science.
doi:10.1038/nj7316-741b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Travel for collaboration p741
Award to cover travel expenses for collaboration or coursework.
doi:10.1038/nj7316-741c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
War of the roses p744
The high price of fashion.
Polenth Blake
doi:10.1038/467744a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
06 October 2010
Jasmonate perception by inositol-phosphate-potentiated COI1-JAZ
co-receptor
Laura B. Sheard et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09430
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
A redox switch in angiotensinogen modulates angiotensin release
Aiwu Zhou et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09505
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=206&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=206&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
03 October 2010
Seismic evidence of negligible water carried below 400-km depth in
subducting lithosphere
Harry W. Green II, Wang-Ping Chen and Michael R. Brudzinski
doi:10.1038/nature09401
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
ETV1 is a lineage survival factor that cooperates with KIT in
gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Ping Chi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09409
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=203&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=203&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Oxidative stress induces angiogenesis by activating TLR2 with novel
endogenous ligands
Xiaoxia Z. West et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09421
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
An unprecedented nucleic acid capture mechanism for excision of DNA
damage
Emily H. Rubinson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09428
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=35855715&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODM1OTY4MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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