28 October 2010 Volume 467 Number 7319, pp 1005 - 1146
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Special: The 1000 Genomes Project
The 1000 Genomes Project aims to provide a deep characterization
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EDITORIALS
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The innovation game p1005
Innovation within the European Union is wanting for reasons cultural,
historical and technical. It can best be strengthened by breaking
down barriers and building a united research area.
doi:10.1038/4671005a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=93&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Not quite assured pp1005-1006
An upbeat assessment of phosphate reserves leaves several questions
unanswered.
doi:10.1038/4671005b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Space hitch-hiker p1006
Commercial spacecraft with room to carry experiments could give
science a lift.
doi:10.1038/4671006a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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WORLD VIEW
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Spending review leaves research in the lurch pp1007-1007
A revised research spending plan won't meet the challenges Britain
faces from its international competitors or from climate change,
argues David King.
David King
doi:10.1038/4671007a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Natural resources management: Better fishing for the future p1008
doi:10.1038/4671008a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Synthetic biology: Bacterial cyborg transmits electrons p1008
doi:10.1038/4671008b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolutionary biology: Leopards change their spots p1008
doi:10.1038/4671008c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: Quiescent cells not so quiet p1008
doi:10.1038/4671008d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: The hunt for explosives p1009
doi:10.1038/4671009a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=125&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Physics: Insulator insight into constant p1009
doi:10.1038/4671009b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: Spindle-free division in yeast p1009
doi:10.1038/4671009c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=109&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: What mammoths left behind p1009
doi:10.1038/4671009d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biochemistry: Zooming in on proteins p1009
doi:10.1038/4671009e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
COMMUNITY CHOICE
Molecular biology: Long RNAs turn up gene expression p1009
doi:10.1038/4671009f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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SEVEN DAYS
----------------------
Seven days: 22-28 October 2010 pp1010-1011
The week in science
doi:10.1038/4671010a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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Astronomy: Glimpsing a comet's heart pp1013-1014
As comet Hartley 2 comes into close view, researchers are lining up
with questions.
Adam Mann
doi:10.1038/4671013a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=245&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Global health: Verbal autopsy methods questioned p1015
Controversy flares over malaria mortality levels in India.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/4671015a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Research funding: UK scientists celebrate budget reprieve p1017
Core science funding has escaped cuts, but capital budgets will feel
the squeeze.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/4671017a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Earth science: Quake threat looms over Haiti pp1018-1019
Tectonic strain remains in key fault line, researchers find.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/4671018a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Publishing: Mystery fraud accusations p1020
Stem-cell researchers targeted by e-mails from unidentified group.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/4671020a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Environment: Mountaintop mining plans close to defeat p1021
Environmental review details 'unacceptable' impacts.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/4671021a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FEATURES
----------------------
Human genome: Genomes by the thousand pp1026-1027
Nature surveys the sequencing landscape.
doi:10.1038/4671026a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Space science: The telescope that ate astronomy pp1028-1030
NASA's next-generation space observatory promises to open new windows
on the Universe — but its cost could close many more.
Lee Billings
doi:10.1038/4671028a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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COMMENT
----------------------
Long shadow of the stem-cell ruling pp1031-1033
Two months on from the court decision that briefly suspended US
federal funding for human embryonic stem-cell research, uncertainty
still stalks the field. Here an ethicist, a team of bankers and a
lawyer warn of effects of this saga that could be felt for years to
come.
doi:10.1038/4671031a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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AUTUMN BOOKS
----------------------
Cosmology: Space-time turn around pp1034-1035
Lee Smolin marvels at Roger Penrose's masterly and imaginative
argument that our Universe is one of a succession.
Lee Smolin reviews Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the
Universe by Roger Penrose
doi:10.1038/4671034a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Learning to see pp1036-1037
Steve Silberman is moved by Oliver Sacks's poignant account of losing
his vision through cancer.
Steve Silberman reviews The Mind's Eye by Oliver Sacks
doi:10.1038/4671036a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
New in Paperback pp1036-1045
Highlights from this season's latest releases
doi:10.1038/4671036b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Botany: Hitchers, outcasts and wasteland beauties p1037
Sandra Knapp revels in a portrait of weeds as resilient rebels
shaped by our meddling with the wild.
Sandra Knapp reviews Weeds: How Vagabond Plants Gatecrashed
Civilisation and Changed the Way We Think About Nature
by Richard Mabey
doi:10.1038/4671037a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
History: A polymath rediscovered pp1039-1040
George Rousseau uncovers the physiological side of Hermann von
Helmholtz.
George Rousseau reviews Helmholtz: From Enlightenment to Neuroscience
by Michel Meulders and Laurence Garey
doi:10.1038/4671039a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Conservation thriller earns its stripes pp1040-1041
A travelogue about tiger poaching in Russia's far east opens up a
new genre, discovers Geoff Marsh.
Geoff Marsh reviews The Tiger: A True Story of Vengeance and Survival
by John Vaillant
doi:10.1038/4671040a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum physics: Tripping the light fantastic pp1042-1043
Geoff Pryde on the weird world of quantum entanglement.
Geoff Pryde reviews Dance of the Photons: From Einstein to Quantum
Teleportation by Anton Zeilinger
doi:10.1038/4671042a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mathematics: Deception by numbers pp1043-1044
Jascha Hoffman reads about the rise of nonsense statistics in
everything from adverts to voting.
Jascha Hoffman reviews Proofiness: The Dark Arts of Mathematical
Deception by Charles Seife
doi:10.1038/4671043a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Forensics: Crime-scene science in the dock pp1044-1045
Two books chart the growth of forensic science from its birth to
modern times, finds Laura Spinney.
Laura Spinney reviews The Killer of Little Shepherds: A True Crime
Story and the Birth of Forensic Science by Douglas Starr
doi:10.1038/4671044a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Marine stewardship: catalysing change p1047
Rupert Howes
doi:10.1038/4671047a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pakistan: why the reforms need work p1047
Faisal Abbas
doi:10.1038/4671047b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pakistan: the brain drain dilemma p1047
Yajnavalka Banerjee
doi:10.1038/4671047c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=1&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Safaris can help conservation p1047
Ralf Buckley
doi:10.1038/4671047d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fate of 'retired' research chimps p1047
Ajit Varki
doi:10.1038/4671047e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
OBITUARY
----------------------
Georges Charpak (1924-2010) p1048
Physicist who transformed the measurement of high-energy particles.
Ioannis Giomataris
doi:10.1038/4671048a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS & VIEWS
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Genomics: In search of rare human variants pp1050-1051
The 1000 Genomes Project has completed its pilot phase, sequencing
the whole genomes of 179 individuals and characterizing all the
protein-coding sequences of many others. Welcome to the third phase
of human genomics. See Article p.1061
Rasmus Nielsen
doi:10.1038/4671050a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Drug development: Longer-lived proteins pp1051-1052
Short residence times in the bloodstream reduce the effectiveness of
protein drugs. Application of an approach that combines protein and
polymer engineering prolongs circulation time and increases drug
uptake by tumours.
Jeffrey A. Hubbell
doi:10.1038/4671051a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biogeochemistry: Phosphorus and the gust of fresh air pp1052-1053
Evidence of intense phosphorus weathering following 'snowball Earth'
glaciations raises a further possibility -- that this revved-up
nutrient cycle drove conditions for the explosion of animal life.
See Letter p.1088
Gabriel M. Filippelli
doi:10.1038/4671052a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer: Genomic evolution of metastasis pp1053-1055
Prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer is bleak, often owing
to late diagnosis. The estimate that at least 15 years pass from
tumour initiation to malignancy offers hope for early detection and
prevention. See Letters p.1109 & p.1114
E. Georg Luebeck
doi:10.1038/4671053a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stem cells: The intestinal-crypt casino pp1055-1056
Stem cells can renew themselves indefinitely -- a feature that is
often attributed to asymmetrical cell division. Fresh experimental
and mathematical models of the intestine provide evidence that begs
to differ.
Michael P. Verzi and Ramesh A. Shivdasani
doi:10.1038/4671055a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: Weighing in on neutron stars pp1057-1058
The more massive a neutron star is, the greater the constraints it
places on the nature of the matter at its core. The discovery of a
new mass record holder has strengthened those constraints
considerably. See Letter p.1081
M. Coleman Miller
doi:10.1038/4671057a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural biology: A peep through anion channels pp1058-1059
The crystal structure of a protein channel provides clues about the
mechanisms that control the closure of pores found in the epidermis
of plant leaves. Excitingly, the protein channel folds in a way never
seen before. See Article p.1074
Sebastien Thomine and Helene Barbier-Brygoo
doi:10.1038/4671058a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BRIEF COMMUNICATION ARISING
----------------------
Volatile accretion history of the Earth ppE6-E7
B. J. Wood, A. N. Halliday and M. Rehkamper
doi:10.1038/nature09484
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Computational frontiers in scientific discovery
Thursday 4 November 2010
This free seminar, supported by Microsoft Research, will explore
computational approaches across different disciplines. Speakers
include all previous Royal Society and Académie des sciences
Microsoft award winners, and other leading computational scientists.
Find out more and book online:
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
----------------------
A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing
pp1061-1073
The goal of the 1000 Genomes Project is to provide in-depth
information on variation in human genome sequences. In the pilot
phase reported here, different strategies for genome-wide sequencing,
using high-throughput sequencing platforms, were developed and
compared. The resulting data set includes more than 95% of the
currently accessible variants found in any individual, and can be
used to inform association and functional studies.
doi:10.1038/nature09534
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Homologue structure of the SLAC1 anion channel for closing stomata in
leaves pp1074-1080
SLAC1 is a plant ion channel that controls turgor pressure in the
guard cells of plant stomata, thereby regulating the exchange of
water vapour and photosynthetic gases in response to environmental
signals. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of a bacterial homologue
of SLAC1 has been solved, and structure-inspired mutagenesis has been
used to analyse the conductance properties of the channel. The
findings indicate that selectivity among different anions is largely
a function of the energetic cost of ion dehydration.
Yu-hang Chen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09487
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
----------------------
A two-solar-mass neutron star measured using Shapiro delay
pp1081-1083
Neutron stars comprise the densest form of matter known to exist in
our Universe, but their composition and properties are uncertain.
Measurements of their masses and radii can constrain theoretical
predictions of their composition, but so far it has not been possible
to rule out many predictions of 'exotic' non-nucleonic components.
Here, radio timing observations of the binary millisecond pulsar
J1614-2230 are presented, allowing almost all currently proposed
hyperon or boson condensate equations of state to be ruled out.
P. B. Demorest et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09466
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Detecting excitation and magnetization of individual dopants in a
semiconductor pp1084-1087
Isolated magnetic atoms doped into a semiconductor represent an
interesting system for spintronics applications and a possible means
of constructing quantum bits. So far, however, it has not been
possible to study the correlation between the local atomic structure
and the dopant's magnetic properties. Here, sensitive scanning probe
techniques have been developed that allow the spin excitations of
individual magnetic dopants within a two-dimensional semiconductor
system to be measured.
Alexander A. Khajetoorians et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09519
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
The evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir pp1088-1090
Phosphorus is a biolimiting nutrient that is important in regulating
the redox state of the ocean-atmosphere system. Here, the ratio of
phosphorus to iron in iron-oxide-rich sedimentary rocks through time
has been used to evaluate the evolution of the marine phosphate
reservoir. Phosphate concentrations have been relatively constant
over the past 542 million years of Earth's history, but were high in
the aftermath of the 'snowball Earth' glaciations some 750 to 635
million years ago, with implications for the rise of metazoan life.
Noah J. Planavsky et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09485
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Deformation of the lowermost mantle from seismic anisotropy
pp1091-1094
Here, the seismic anisotropy of the Earth's lowermost mantle between
North and Central America has been measured, using shallow and deep
earthquakes to increase the azimuthal coverage. The findings show
that the previously assumed vertical transverse isotropy -- where
wave speed should show no azimuthal variation -- is not possible, and
that more complicated mechanisms must be involved.
Andy Nowacki, James Wookey and J-Michael Kendall
doi:10.1038/nature09507
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Late middle Eocene epoch of Libya yields earliest known radiation of
African anthropoids pp1095-1098
The origin of the anthropoids (higher primates, including monkeys,
apes and humans) is mysterious. Fossils from the Eocene epoch in
Africa have suggested that the anthropoids originated there, but
this has been challenged by findings in Asia. Here, the discovery is
reported of the oldest known diverse assemblage of African
anthropoids, from the Eocene of Libya. The diversity of species found
suggests either a long interval of anthropoid evolution in Africa, or
the nearly synchronous colonization of Africa by several anthropoid
clades.
Jean-Jacques Jaeger et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09425
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fine-scale recombination rate differences between sexes, populations
and individuals pp1099-1103
Here, human genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data
from more than 15,000 parent-offspring pairs have been used to
construct the first recombination maps that are based on directly
observed recombination events. The data reveal interesting
differences between the sexes: for instance, in males recombination
tends to shuffle exons, whereas in females it generates new
combinations of nearby genes. Comparison of these maps with others
also reveals population differences.
Augustine Kong et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09525
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=265&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
On-line, voluntary control of human temporal lobe neurons
pp1104-1108
Neurons in the medial temporal lobe are selectively responsive to
particular visual objects, but their activity is modulated by
internal cognitive effects. Here it is shown that humans can regulate
the activity of their MTL neurons to alter the outcome of the contest
between external images and their internal representation. Using a
brain-machine interface, subjects looked at a hybrid superposition
of two images and had to enhance one image at the expense of the
other, using cognitive strategies such as attention and imagery.
Moran Cerf et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09510
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
The patterns and dynamics of genomic instability in metastatic
pancreatic cancer pp1109-1113
Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive, usually because of widespread
metastasis. Here, next-generation DNA sequencing has been used to
detect genomic rearrangements in 13 patients with pancreatic cancer
and to explore clonal relationships among metastases. The results
reveal not only considerable inter-patient heterogeneity, but also
ongoing genomic instability and evolution during the development of
metastases.
Peter J. Campbell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09460
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of
pancreatic cancer pp1114-1117
Here, whole-genome sequencing has been used to analyse primary
pancreatic tumours and one or more metastases from the same patients.
The findings show that tumours are composed of several geographically
distinct subclones, and allow maps to be produced showing how
metastatic cancer clones evolve within the primary tumour. Moreover,
a quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of
pancreatic cancer has been performed.
Shinichi Yachida et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09515
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural basis of semaphorin-plexin signalling pp1118-1122
Semaphorin proteins mediate signal transduction by interacting with
plexin receptors; they have key roles in neuronal development and
many other biological processes. Here, crystal structures are
presented of the semaphorin-binding regions of plexin B1 and plexin
A2 with their cognate semaphorin ectodomains. On the basis of these
structures, a signalling mechanism is proposed.
Bert J. C. Janssen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09468
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural basis for semaphorin signalling through the plexin
receptor pp1123-1127
Semaphorin proteins mediate signal transduction by interacting with
plexin receptors; they have key roles in neuronal development and
many other biological processes. Here, crystal structures are
presented of the semaphorin 6A receptor-binding fragment and the
plexin A2 ligand-binding fragment in their pre-signalling and
signalling states. On the basis of these structures, a signalling
mechanism is proposed.
Terukazu Nogi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09473
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=180&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Maternal mRNA deadenylation and decay by the piRNA pathway in the
early Drosophila embryo pp1128-1132
Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs) are small RNAs with several functions
in the germline, such as repressing transposable elements and helping
to maintain germline stem cells. Now, a function for piRNAs has been
discovered outside the germline, in the fruitfly embryo.
Specifically, piRNAs are required for the decay of the messenger RNA
encoding the posterior morphogen Nanos. When piRNA-induced regulation
is impaired, this mRNA is stabilized and developmental defects ensue.
Christel Rouget et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09465
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
TECHNOLOGY FEATURES
----------------------
Genomics: The search for association pp1135-1138
The list of human genetic variations is expanding; but an
understanding of how they contribute to disease is still patchy.
Monya Baker
doi:10.1038/4671135a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=205&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genomics: The tough new variants p1136
doi:10.1038/4671136a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=203&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genomics: Seeing more SNPs p1138
doi:10.1038/4671138a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=208&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genomics: Table of suppliers pp1139-1140
doi:10.1038/4671139a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=206&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Feature
Regions: Science city chic p1141
Berlin is an international hotspot for young scientists. Now it has
to provide the incentives to help them stay long term.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/nj7319-1141a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A
Turning point p1143
Greg Graffin has found a way to pursue his dual passions for
evolutionary biology and music.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7319-1143a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Grant system simplified p1143
European Commission aims for more user-friendly, flexible process.
doi:10.1038/nj7319-1143b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Biodiversity centre bid p1143
German facility may create some 100 research posts.
doi:10.1038/nj7319-1143c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Gender target missed p1143
Lack of political support hinders effort to boost number of women in
Europe's science research leadership.
doi:10.1038/nj7319-1143d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction
Correction p1141
doi:10.1038/nj7319-1142a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
The greatest science-fiction story ever written p1146
A real page-turner.
Eric James Stone
doi:10.1038/4671146a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
27 October 2010
Quantum tunnelling of the magnetization in a monolayer of oriented
single-molecule magnets
M. Mannini et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09478
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on multitrophic interactions in
a biodiversity experiment
Christoph Scherber et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09492
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Climate-driven population divergence in sex-determining systems
Ido Pen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09512
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
24 October 2010
Structure and mechanism of the S component of a bacterial ECF
transporter
Peng Zhang, Jiawei Wang and Yigong Shi
doi:10.1038/nature09488
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Support for a synaptic chain model of neuronal sequence generation
Michael A. Long, Dezhe Z. Jin and Michale S. Fee
doi:10.1038/nature09514
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35926091&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODUxODY4OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Others muse on tiger conservation, why we should learn to love weeds,
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