21 October 2010 Volume 467 Number 7318, pp 883 - 934
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----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
The balance of probabilities p883
IPCC members last week considered the best way to quantify
uncertainty. They are not alone in needing to do so -- the media must
also take a firm line when it comes to scientific reporting.
doi:10.1038/467883a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Save our cities pp883-884
Scientists researching problems such as water management should focus
more on urban areas.
doi:10.1038/467883b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
A hammer blow to national ethics p884
China needs to act on broader science failures, not simply condemn an
isolated case.
doi:10.1038/467884a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
WORLD VIEW
----------------------
Scientists vs engineers: this time it's financial pp885-885
As public funds dwindle, long-standing divisions between engineers
and scientists over their status in society will be laid bare, says
Colin Macilwain.
doi:10.1038/467885a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Oceanography: Cold water rising in the Pacific p886
doi:10.1038/467886a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Plant patterns predict collapse p886
doi:10.1038/467886b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Drug development: Worm surgery on a chip p886
doi:10.1038/467886c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Energy: Plenty of energy, not well shared p886
doi:10.1038/467886d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Addiction: Brain's balancing act with cocaine p887
doi:10.1038/467887a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Metabolism: Night light, weight gain p887
doi:10.1038/467887b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=93&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biosynthesis: Yeast yields plastic ingredient p887
doi:10.1038/467887c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: The motor skills of musical minds p887
doi:10.1038/467887d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbiology: Salmonella gets help from host p887
doi:10.1038/467887e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
COMMUNITY CHOICE
Geoscience: Volcanoes respond to earthquakes p887
doi:10.1038/467887f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
SEVEN DAYS
----------------------
Seven days: 15–21 October 2010 pp888-889
The week in science
doi:10.1038/467888a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
IPCC signs up for reform pp891-892
Panel agrees new guidelines and management restructure, with Pachauri
still at the helm.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/467891a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Elemental shift for kilo p892
A precise atom count could usurp antique mass standard.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/467892a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=233&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Superlaser fires a blank p893
The US National Ignition Facility cautiously approaches the fusion
threshold.
Eugenie Samuel Reich
doi:10.1038/467893a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=231&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
UK science funds in limbo p894
Public spending cuts leave research councils with hard choices over
which fields to support.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/467894a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ireland defends research from cuts p895
Government promises that despite massive deficit, last year's science
budget fall will be offset by extra cash.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/467895a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quango bonfire kindles advice fears pp895-896
Abolition of UK regulatory bodies could compromise independent
scientific guidance.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/467895b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Research: Paris plans science in the suburbs p897
Euros flow in to boost French goal of creating critical mass of
cross-agency researchers.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/467897a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Gene-synthesis rules favour convenience p898
But synthetic DNA standards offer little protection, critics say.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/467898a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FEATURES
----------------------
Cities: The urban equation p899
With the majority of the human population now living in cities,
Nature takes a look at the implications for scientists.
doi:10.1038/467899a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cities: The century of the city pp900-901
The explosion in urban population looks set to continue through the
twenty-first century, presenting challenges and opportunities for
scientists.
doi:10.1038/467900a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=246&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Environment: Mexico's scientist in chief pp902-905
After winning a Nobel prize for helping to protect the planet, Mario
Molina is tackling a much more difficult problem — trying to clean
up Mexico City.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/467902a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cities: Building the best cities for science pp906-908
Which urban regions produce the best research - and can their success
be replicated?
Richard Van Noorden
doi:10.1038/467906a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
COMMENT
----------------------
Cities lead the way in climate-change action pp909-911
Scientists should do the research to help mayors prepare for a
warming world, say Cynthia Rosenzweig, William Solecki, Stephen A.
Hammer and Shagun Mehrotra.
Cynthia Rosenzweig, William Solecki, Stephen A. Hammer and
Shagun Mehrotra
doi:10.1038/467909a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
A unified theory of urban living pp912-913
It is time for a science of how city growth affects society and
environment, say Luis Bettencourt and Geoffrey West.
Luis Bettencourt and Geoffrey West
doi:10.1038/467912a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Vital statistics p914
As the data deluge swells, statisticians are evolving from
contributors to collaborators. Sallie Ann Keller urges funders,
universities and associations to encourage this shift.
Sallie Ann Keller
doi:10.1038/467914a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Climate economics: Hot in the city pp915-916
Robert Buckley cautions that financial incentives alone will not fuel
urban adaptation to climate change.
Robert Buckley reviews Climatopolis: How Our Cities Will Thrive in
the Hotter Future by Matthew E. Kahn
doi:10.1038/467915a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Synthetic biology: Living quarters pp916-918
Synthetic biology could offer truly sustainable approaches to the
built environment, predict Rachel Armstrong and Neil Spiller.
Rachel Armstrong and Neil Spiller
doi:10.1038/467916a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genes and development: The importance of childhood pp918-919
Our emotional brains are shaped by social interactions during
infancy, finds Morten Kringelbach.
Morten Kringelbach reviews The Evolution of Childhood: Relationships,
Emotion, Mind by Melvin Konner
doi:10.1038/467918a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Books in brief p919
Joanne Baker
doi:10.1038/467919a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Setting the record straight (again) p920
Michael E. Mann, Paul R. Ehrlich and Stefan Rahmstorf
doi:10.1038/467920a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nature redesign: what's not to like? p920
George Russell
doi:10.1038/467920b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nature redesign: what is to dislike p920
Andrew Sutter
doi:10.1038/467920c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Concrete evidence of confusion p920
Simon J. Teague
doi:10.1038/467920d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Let's keep the debate focused p920
Karl Sigmund
doi:10.1038/467920e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS & VIEWS
----------------------
Metabolic disorders: Fathers' nutritional legacy pp922-923
A female can develop a diabetes-like disease due to a high fat
content in her father's diet before she was conceived. Epigenetic
modifications of the father's sperm DNA might underlie this peculiar
observation. See Letter p.963
Michael K. Skinner
doi:10.1038/467922a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=1&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanotechnology: Beyond the confines of templates pp923-924
The use of templates to control the morphology of nanostructures is
a powerful but inflexible technique. A template that is remodelled
during synthesis suggests fresh opportunities for fabricating new
nanostructures.
Younan Xia and Byungkwon Lim
doi:10.1038/467923a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Galaxy sets distance mark pp924-925
A galaxy has smashed the record for the most distant object ever
observed. The object sheds light on the nature of the sources that
stripped electrons from hydrogen atoms during the reionization epoch.
See Letter p.940
Michele Trenti
doi:10.1038/467924a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural biology: Last of the multidrug transporters pp926-927
Proteins that pump a wide range of toxic compounds out of cells are
ubiquitous in nature, but crystal structures for one family of these
transporters have remained elusive. Until now. See Letter p.991
Hendrik W. van Veen
doi:10.1038/467926a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Atmospheric physics: Chorus keeps the diffuse aurora humming
pp927-928
The origin of the diffuse aurora, whose beauty and intensity pale
beside those of the famous aurora borealis, has remained
controversial. A convincing explanation for this auroral display is
now at hand. See Letter p.943
Patrick T. Newell
doi:10.1038/467927a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p928
doi:10.1038/467928a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
HYPOTHESIS
----------------------
The energetics of genome complexity pp929-934
Nick Lane and William Martin
doi:10.1038/nature09486
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=145&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLE
----------------------
Single-molecule analysis of Mss116-mediated group II intron folding
pp935-939
DEAD-box helicases use ATP hydrolysis to unwind duplex RNA and
facilitate RNA or RNA-protein remodelling. One such helicase is
Mss116, which targets a particular group II intron in RNA. Here,
single-molecule fluorescence was used to monitor the effect of Mss16
on a minimal construct containing this intron. The data show that
Mss16 stimulates the sampling of different folded states of the RNA.
Moreover, the helicase promotes RNA folding through discrete
ATP-independent and ATP-dependent steps.
Krishanthi S. Karunatilaka, Amanda Solem, Anna Marie Pyle and
David Rueda
doi:10.1038/nature09422
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy at redshift z = 8.6 pp940-942
Until now, the most distant spectroscopically confirmed galaxies
known in the Universe were at redshifts of z = 8.2 and z = 6.96. It
is now reported that the galaxy UDFy-38135539 is at a redshift of
z = 8.5549 [plusmn] 0.0002. The finding has implications for our
understanding of the timing, location and nature of the sources
responsible for reionization of the Universe after the Big Bang.
M. D. Lehnert et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09462
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Scattering by chorus waves as the dominant cause of diffuse auroral
precipitation pp943-946
Earth's diffuse aurora occurs over a broad latitude range, and is
mainly caused by the precipitation of low-energy electrons originating
in the central plasma sheet. Theory suggests that two classes of
magnetospheric plasma waves -- electrostatic electron cyclotron
harmonic waves and whistler-mode chorus waves -- could be responsible
for the electron scattering that leads to diffuse auroral
precipitation. Here it is found that scattering by chorus is the
dominant cause of the most intense diffuse precipitation.
Richard M. Thorne et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09467
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nonlinear electrophoresis of dielectric and metal spheres in a
nematic liquid crystal pp947-950
Electrophoresis is a motion of charged dispersed particles relative
to a fluid in a uniform electric field. Here it is described how an
anisotropic fluid -- a nematic liquid crystal -- can lead to motion
of both charged and neutral particles, even when they are perfectly
symmetrical, in any type of electric field. The phenomenon is caused
by a distortion in the orientation of the liquid crystals around the
particles. The approach could see applications in, for example,
display technologies and colloidal assembly and disassembly.
Oleg D. Lavrentovich, Israel Lazo and Oleg P. Pishnyak
doi:10.1038/nature09427
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to
limited moisture supply pp951–954
Climate change is expected to intensify the global hydrological cycle
and to alter evapotranspiration, but direct observational constraints
are lacking at the global scale. Now a data-driven, machine-learning
technique and a suite of process-based models have been used to show
that from 1982 to 1997 global evapotranspiration increased by about
7.1 millimetres per year per decade. But since 1998 this increase has
ceased, probably because of moisture limitation in the Southern
Hemisphere.
Martin Jung et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09396
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Continental warming preceding the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum
pp955-958
The Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) is a well-known abrupt
warming that occurred at about 55.8 Myr ago and is usually thought
to have been caused by a large release of greenhouse gases, as
recorded in a large carbon isotope excursion. Yet some marine
evidence suggests that in fact the warming came first. Here it is
shown that continental warming of about 5 [deg]C preceded the
excursion in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Thus the PETM seems to have
been caused by at least two separate warming events.
Ross Secord, Philip D. Gingerich, Kyger C. Lohmann and
Kenneth G. MacLeod
doi:10.1038/nature09441
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=214&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Demographic compensation and tipping points in climate-induced range
shifts pp959-962
Climate change is expected to shift the latitudinal and altitudinal
ranges of species, but the low latitude or low altitude edge does not
necessarily move as fast as the high edge. Here, demographic data on
two tundra plants have been used to show that changed demographic
rates at the lower edge are compensating for the warming climate, but
that this effect will not last and a tipping point will be reached as
temperatures get warmer.
Daniel F. Doak and William F. Morris
doi:10.1038/nature09439
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=161&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=227&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chronic high-fat diet in fathers programs [beta]-cell dysfunction in
female rat offspring pp963-966
Here it is shown that the consumption of a high-fat diet by male rats
has an intergenerational effect: it leads to the dysfunction of
pancreatic [beta]-cells in female offspring. Relative to controls,
these offspring showed an early onset of impaired insulin secretion
and glucose tolerance, which worsened with time. The results add to
our understanding of the complex genetic and environmental factors
that are leading to the global epidemic of obesity and type 2
diabetes.
Sheau-Fang Ng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09491
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Generation of pathogenic TH17 cells in the absence of TGF-[beta]
signalling pp967-971
CD4+ T cells that selectively produce interleukin (IL)-17 (TH17 cells)
are essential for host defence and autoimmunity. It has been thought
that IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-[beta]1 are the
factors responsible for initiating the specification of TH17 cells.
Here, however, it is shown that TH17 differentiation can occur in the
absence of TGF-[beta] signalling. IL-6, IL-23 and IL-1[beta]
effectively induced IL-17 production in naive precursors. These data
reveal an alternative mode for TH17 differentiation and the
importance of IL-23.
Kamran Ghoreschi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09447
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Oxidative stress induces angiogenesis by activating TLR2 with novel
endogenous ligands pp972-976
Here it is shown that the end products of lipid oxidation --
[omega]-(2-carboxyethyl) pyrrole and other related pyrroles -- are
generated during inflammation and wound healing, and accumulate at
high levels in ageing tissues in mice and in highly vascularized
tumours in murine and human melanomas. These carboxyalkylpyrroles are
recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 on endothelial cells, setting off
a chain of events that leads to the growth of new blood vessels.
Xiaoxia Z. West et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09421
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Maternal Rnf12/RLIM is required for imprinted X-chromosome
inactivation in mice pp977-981
Two forms of X-chromosome inactivation ensure the selective silencing
of female sex chromosomes in mouse embryos. Imprinted silencing
begins with the detection of Xist RNA expression on the paternal X
chromosome at about the four-cell stage of development. Later, a
random form of inactivation silences either the paternal or the
maternal X chromosome. Here it is shown that maternal deposits of the
ubiquitin ligase Rnf12/RLIM are required for the imprinted form of
X-chromosome inactivation.
JongDae Shin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09457
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Satellite phage TLC[phgr] enables toxigenic conversion by CTX phage
through dif site alteration pp982-985
Bacterial chromosomes often carry integrated genetic elements (such
as plasmids and prophages) that contribute to the evolutionary
fitness of the host bacterium. In Vibrio cholerae, a prophage encodes
cholera toxin. Here, the events that led to the acquisition of phage
DNA have been reconstructed, revealing the cooperative interactions
between multiple filamentous phages that contributed to the emergence
of virulent V. cholerae strains.
Faizule Hassan, M. Kamruzzaman, John J. Mekalanos and Shah M. Faruque
doi:10.1038/nature09469
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=73&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
TAp63 suppresses metastasis through coordinate regulation of Dicer
and miRNAs pp986-990
The aberrant expression of microRNAs and of the enzymes that control
their processing has been reported in tumours, but the mechanisms
involved are not clear. It is now shown that TAp63, a member of the
p53 family of tumour suppressors, suppresses tumorigeneis and
metastasis by directly controlling the expression of Dicer (a
microRNA-processing enzyme) and Dicer-regulated microRNAs.
Xiaohua Su et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09459
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of a cation-bound multidrug and toxic compound extrusion
transporter pp991-994
Transporter proteins from the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound
extrusion) family are involved in metabolite transport in plants, and
in multiple-drug resistance in bacteria and mammals. Here, the X-ray
crystal structure of a MATE transporter from Vibrio cholerae is
reported. The structure is in an outward-facing conformation, and
reveals a cation-binding site near to residues previously deemed
essential for transport.
Xiao He et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09408
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Naturejobs
----------------------
Careers and Recruitment
Biomedical science: Putting research into practice p995
Hospitals are an obvious career destination for medical doctors. But
are they a good fit for basic scientists?
Laura Bonetta
doi:10.1038/nj7318-995a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Column
The best contacts p997
To get a job these days, don't rely on your adviser — use your own
networking skills, says Peter Fiske.
Peter Fiske
doi:10.1038/nj7318-997a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Biomedical investment p997
Singapore aims to attract local and international young scientific
talent.
doi:10.1038/nj7318-997b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Huge scholarship rise p997
Doctoral and postdoctoral scholarships in Argentina aim to boost
science research pipeline.
doi:10.1038/nj7318-997c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=265&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career Briefs
Early-career praise p997
Speakers exhort legislators to fund young scientists.
doi:10.1038/nj7318-997d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Out of time p1000
A vision to behold.
Elizabeth Counihan
doi:10.1038/4671000a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
20 October 2010
Formation of the black-hole binary M33 X-7 through mass exchange in
a tight massive system
Francesca Valsecchi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09463
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
A methyl transferase links the circadian clock to the regulation of
alternative splicing
Sabrina E. Sanchez et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09470
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Antibodies to human serum amyloid P component eliminate visceral
amyloid deposits
Karl Bodin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09494
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Aneuploidy confers quantitative proteome changes and phenotypic
variation in budding yeast
Norman Pavelka et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09529
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=196&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=196&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
17 October 2010
Identification of UBIAD1 as a novel human menaquinone-4 biosynthetic
enzyme
Kimie Nakagawa et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09464
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Maternal mRNA deadenylation and decay by the piRNA pathway in the
early Drosophila embryo
Christel Rouget et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09465
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
A genome-wide RNAi screen reveals determinants of human embryonic
stem cell identity
Na-Yu Chia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09531
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=35902913&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQ2NDQ5ODYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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