14 October 2010 Volume 467 Number 7317, pp 751 - 872
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A meeting of minds
Each year, a few hundred young scientists meet with Nobel prize
winning scientists on the German island of Lindau. We joined them
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Watch all 5 videos, including this week's film
The spirit of Lindau: focusing on the past, present & future of
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----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
Politics without the poison p751
If the US midterm elections are to kickstart progress in Congress on
urgent issues such as climate and basic research, the mudslinging and
mayhem have got to stop.
doi:10.1038/467751a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
One backyard at a time p752
Local action can curb habitat loss and counter global pessimism on
biodiversity.
doi:10.1038/467752a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Probe retires to a place in the Sun p752
A fitting end for the satellite that shed light on the age, shape and
fabric of the Universe.
doi:10.1038/467752b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
WORLD VIEW
----------------------
Publish your computer code: it is good enough p753
Freely provided working code — whatever its quality — improves
programming and enables others to engage with your research, says
Nick Barnes.
doi:10.1038/467753a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=145&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Evolutionary biology: Colourful bacterial resistance p754
doi:10.1038/467754a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Nitrogen radical synthesized p754
doi:10.1038/467754b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Soccer Samaritans p754
doi:10.1038/467754c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: Keeping the peace p754
doi:10.1038/467754d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Networks: Online peer-pressure threshold p755
doi:10.1038/467755a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Geophysics: Planet Earth, squeezed p755
doi:10.1038/467755b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Palaeontology: Introducing Sarahsaurus p755
doi:10.1038/467755c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Plant evolution: Model plant's secret past p755
doi:10.1038/467755d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Neurobiology: Powerless against Parkinson's p755
doi:10.1038/467755e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
COMMUNITY CHOICE
Ecology: The tundra warms and grows p755
doi:10.1038/467755f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
SEVEN DAYS
----------------------
Seven days: 14 October 2010 pp756-757
The week in science
doi:10.1038/467756a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
US midterm elections: Volatile forces shape US vote pp759-760
Science could face budget constraints and ideological challenges in
a post-midterm Congress.
Ivan Semeniuk
doi:10.1038/467759a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
US midterm elections: Deficit poses threat to science pp760-761
Research programmes in the United States seem to be heading for a
cliff, no matter who wins in Congress.
Eugenie Samuel Reich
doi:10.1038/467760a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=300&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
US midterm elections: NIH prepares for loss of political champions p761
Supporters call for Congress to pass stem-cell bill and NIH budget
boost during post-election session.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/467761a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
US midterm elections: A chilly season for climate crusaders p762
Open scepticism of global warming could rule next Congress.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/467762a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
US midterm elections: Policy row launches NASA into limbo p763
Funding dispute leaves space programme on autopilot.
doi:10.1038/467763a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=341&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
US midterm elections: Opponents battle health-care research p763
Treatment-outcome studies and key health reforms face Republican
antipathy and legal challenges.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/467763b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=338&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Biodiversity hope faces extinction p764
Upcoming meeting will set out global conservation targets.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/467764a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=336&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer-gene testing ramps up pp766-767
Thousands to get personalized medicine in Britain's National Health
Service.
Ewen Callaway
doi:10.1038/467766a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=319&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Global disease fund hit by cash crisis p767
Pledges fall short for fight against AIDS, TB and malaria.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/467767a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=325&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FEATURES
----------------------
Science & politics: Speaking out about science pp768-770
Barack Obama promised a new era of integrity and openness for
American science. Government scientists are now asking what has
changed.
Emily Waltz
doi:10.1038/467768a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=307&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
A nuclear exchange pp772-774
More than 100 cold-war era research reactors run on uranium pure
enough to be used in a nuclear weapon. But switching to safer fuel
isn't easy.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/467772a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=309&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Computational science: ...Error pp775-777
...why scientific programming does not compute
doi:10.1038/467775a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=305&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
COMMENT
----------------------
Biology without borders pp779-781
Fundamental research must not be hampered by an international
agreement on sharing the benefits from national biodiversity, says
David Schindel.
David E. Schindel
doi:10.1038/467779a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
A two-year plan for US science pp781-782
Daniel S. Greenberg sets out five things that the White House and
Capitol Hill can and should accomplish between now and the 2012
election.
Daniel S. Greenberg
doi:10.1038/467781a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p782
doi:10.1038/467782a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Climate change: Insurance for a warming planet pp784-785
Climate policy should be viewed as protection against uncertain
future risks, says Martin L. Weitzman.
Martin L. Weitzman reviews Smart Solutions to Climate Change:
Comparing Costs and Benefits by Bjorn Lomborg
doi:10.1038/467784a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Books in brief p785
Joanne Baker
doi:10.1038/467785a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Drug development: The invisible front line p786
The paid participants in phase I clinical trials need more
protection, finds Meredith Wadman.
Meredith Wadman reviews The Professional Guinea Pig: Big Pharma and
the Risky World of Human Subjects by Roberto Abadie
doi:10.1038/467786a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Culture: Metallic music p787
Sculptor Conrad Shawcross captures the fundamentals of physics and
music, finds Martin Kemp.
Martin Kemp
doi:10.1038/467787a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
OUTLOOK
----------------------
Science Masterclass pS1
Michelle Grayson
doi:10.1038/467S1a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Introduction: Curiosity aroused ppS2-S3
What makes a Nobel laureate tick? What advice can they offer? And
who's asking?
Michelle Grayson
doi:10.1038/467S2a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
A runaway success pS4
Arno Penzias, Robert W. Wilson and Pyotr L. Kapitsa won the Nobel
Prize in Physics 1978. Penzias and Wilson's share was for discovering
the existence of cosmic background radiation.
Arno Allan Penzias
doi:10.1038/467S4a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
The joy of discovery pS5
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 was awarded to
Christian de Duve, Albert Claude and George E. Palade for their
discoveries concerning the organization of the cell.
Christian de Duve
doi:10.1038/467S5a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Science brick by brick pS6
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 was won by Mario R.
Capecchi, Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies for discoveries that
led to the development of knockout mice.
Oliver Smithies
doi:10.1038/467S6a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Nothing to fear from mistakes pS7
Together with mentor Martinus J.G. Veltman, Gerardus 't Hooft's Nobel
Prize in Physics 1999 was won for elucidating the quantum structure
of electroweak interactions in atoms.
Gerardus 't Hooft
doi:10.1038/467S7a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
The frontier physicist pS8
The Nobel Prize in Physics in 2004 was awarded to David J. Gross, H.
David Politzer and Frank Wilczek for their discovery of how quarks
interact within protons.
David J. Gross
doi:10.1038/467S8a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Politics and prophecy pS9
John Mather and George Smoot's discovery of the anisotropy of the
cosmic microwave background radiation won the Nobel Prize in Physics
2006.
John C. Mather
doi:10.1038/467S9a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Anthropocene man pS10
Paul J. Crutzen shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995 with Mario
J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland for their work on formation and
decomposition of ozone.
Paul J. Crutzen
doi:10.1038/467S10a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
The family naturalist pS11
Peter Agre shared theNobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 with Roderick
MacKinnon. Agre's half was awarded for his discovery of a water
channel protein in cell membranes.
Peter Agre
doi:10.1038/467S11a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Thinking in aeons pS12
John Mather and George Smoot won the Nobel Prize 2006 in Physics for
their work on cosmic background radiation. Smoot measured the
temperature variation (anisotropy).
George F. Smoot
doi:10.1038/467S12a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Working at the coal face pS13
Harold Kroto shares the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 with Robert F.
Curl Jr. and Richard E. Smalley for the discovery of buckminster
fullerenes.
Harold W. Kroto
doi:10.1038/467S13a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Timeline: Lindau and the zeitgeist ppS14-S15
The annual Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings have evolved over the
years, reflecting changes in both science and society.
John Galbraith Simmons
doi:10.1038/467S14a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Life in science: Generation X-change ppS16-S18
International meetings and exchanges are creating a universal,
globe-spanning culture of science with widespread ramifications.
Christopher Mims
doi:10.1038/467S16a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Science in the digital age ppS19-S21
The goals of science have not changed since the early days of the
Lindau meeting, yet the way they are pursued has.
Ned Stafford
doi:10.1038/467S19a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Event: Turning the tables ppS22-S23
What happens when the spotlight shines on the young scientists?
Akshat Rathi
doi:10.1038/467S22a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Taxonomy: add a human touch too p788
Antonio G. Valdecasas and Quentin D. Wheeler
doi:10.1038/467788a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=360&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Taxonomy: include social networking p788
Jonathan Silvertown
doi:10.1038/467788b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=310&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Call to reshape university curricula p788
Yehuda Elkana, Manfred D. Laubichler and Adam S. Wilkins
doi:10.1038/467788c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=312&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Science as a threat to far-right fringe p788
Richard Kool
doi:10.1038/467788d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=317&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Alternative view of Serengeti road pp788-789
Katherine Homewood, Daniel Brockington and Sian Sullivan
doi:10.1038/467788e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
International, not 'campus', please p789
Yuehong (Helen) Zhang
doi:10.1038/467789a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=328&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Reward quality not quantity p789
Stan W. Trimble
doi:10.1038/467789b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Basic science in Russia under threat p789
Yegor Vassetzky
doi:10.1038/467789c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Better governance to save rainforests p789
William Laurance
doi:10.1038/467789d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Left-handed DNA can be right p789
Albert Erives
doi:10.1038/467789e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
OBITUARY
----------------------
George C. Williams (1926-2010) p790
Incisive thinker who influenced a generation of evolutionary
biologists.
Axel Meyer
doi:10.1038/467790a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS & VIEWS
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Solar system: Accidental investigation pp792-793
Astronomers would be expected to recognize comets easily when they
see them, not least because of the objects' bright tails. But when
planetary accidents try to fool them, their job is no longer that
simple. See Letters p.814 & p.817
David Nesvorny
doi:10.1038/467792a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=125&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: Egocentric pre-T-cell receptors pp793-794
The T-cell receptor on the surface of T cells requires antigen
recognition to function. Structural studies reveal that its
predecessor, the pre-T-cell receptor, is much more independent.
See Letter p.844
Bernard Malissen and Herve Luche
doi:10.1038/467793a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Glaciology: Ice-sheet advance in Antarctica pp794-795
Reliable forecasts of sea-level rise depend on accurately modelling
the dynamics of polar ice sheets. A numerical framework that better
reflects ice-sheet basal drag adds greater realism to such models.
Fabien Gillet-Chaulet and Gael Durand
doi:10.1038/467794a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p795
doi:10.1038/467795a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer: Oncogenes in context pp796-797
In certain types of gastrointestinal cell, mutations in the protein
KIT give rise to gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Why are other
cell types that express KIT not affected? The answer lies with a
second protein. See Letter p.849
Michael C. Heinrich and Christopher L . Corless
doi:10.1038/467796a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Atmospheric Chemistry: Phase matters for aerosols pp797-798
Organic aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. In
forests, such particles can occur in solid form -- a finding that
will lead to a re-evaluation of how they are formed, and their
properties and effects. See Letter p.824
Paul J. Ziemann
doi:10.1038/467797a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Sociology: Political evolution pp798-799
Phylogenetic methods of evolutionary biology can be used to study
socio-political variation mapped onto linguistic trees. The range
of political complexities in Austronesian societies offers a good
test case. See Article p.801
Jared Diamond
doi:10.1038/467798a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p799
doi:10.1038/467799a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Rise and fall of political complexity in island South-East Asia and
the Pacific pp801-804
Without high-quality data on how societies are related to each other,
it is difficult to draw quantitative conclusions about the broad
trends in history. These authors use a language-based phylogeny of
Austronesian societies to test competing models of how complex
societies rise and fall. They find that increases in complexity tend
to be stepwise, whereas large decreases are possible.
Thomas E. Currie et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09461
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=213&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
The Ndc80 kinetochore complex forms oligomeric arrays along
microtubules pp805-810
The Ndc80 complex is a key component of kinetochore that mediates
direct interaction with spindle microtubules. These authors present
a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of Ndc80 bound to
microtubules. They find that Ndc80 uses a novel microtubule
recognition mode coupling tubulin binding to self-oligomerization
of the complex, and present a mechanistic model for the formation of
high-affinity kinetochore-microtubule attachments during cell division.
Gregory M. Alushin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09423
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Gas accretion as the origin of chemical abundance gradients in
distant galaxies pp811-813
Galaxies in the early Universe might grow through the accretion of
cold, primordial, low-metallicity gas. If such gas is funnelled to
the centre of a galaxy, it will result in the central region having
an overall lower metallicity than outer regions. These authors report
such 'inverse' metallicity gradients in three rotationally supported,
star-forming galaxies at redshift [sim]3, and conclude that the
central gas has been diluted by the accretion of primordial gas.
G. Cresci et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09451
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=235&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
A collision in 2009 as the origin of the debris trail of asteroid
P/2010 A2 pp814-816
The peculiar object P/2010 A2, discovered in January 2010, is in an
asteroidal orbit in the inner main asteroid belt and was given a
cometary designation because of the presence of a trail of material.
These authors report observations of P/2010 A2 by the Rosetta
spacecraft. They conclude that the trail arose from a single event,
an asteroid collision that occurred around 10 February 2009.
Colin Snodgrass et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09453
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
A recent disruption of the main-belt asteroid P/2010 A2 pp817-819
Asteroidal disruption, through high-velocity collisions or rotational
spin-up, is believed to be the primary mechanism for the production
and destruction of small asteroids. These authors report observations
of P/2010 A2 -- a previously unknown inner-belt asteroid with a
peculiar, comet-like morphology -- that reveal an approximately
120-metre-diameter nucleus with an associated tail of
millimetre-sized dust particles. They conclude that it is most
probably the evolving remnant of a recent asteroidal disruption in
February/March 2009.
David Jewitt et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09456
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Laser cooling of a diatomic molecule pp820-823
Laser cooling has not yet been extended to molecules because of their
complex internal structure. At present, the only technique for
producing ultracold molecules is to bind ultracold alkali atoms to
produce bialkali molecules. These authors experimentally demonstrate
laser cooling of the polar molecule strontium monofluoride, reaching
temperatures of a few millikelvin or less. The technique should allow
the production of molecules at microkelvin temperatures for species
that are chemically distinct from bialkalis.
E. S. Shuman, J. F. Barry and D. DeMille
doi:10.1038/nature09443
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
An amorphous solid state of biogenic secondary organic aerosol
particles pp824-827
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can scatter radiation and
act as cloud condensation nuclei, and thereby influence the Earth's
radiation balance. It is generally assumed that SOA particles are
liquid, but these authors show that they can adopt an amorphous
solid state under ambient conditions. The findings challenge
traditional views of the kinetics and thermodynamics of SOA formation
and transformation in the atmosphere.
Annele Virtanen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09455
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Seismic evidence of negligible water carried below 400-km depth in
subducting lithosphere pp828-831
These authors test whether patterns of seismicity and the stabilities
of potentially relevant hydrous phases are consistent with a wet
lithosphere. They show that there is nearly a one-to-one correlation
between the dehydration of minerals and seismicity at depths less
than [sim]250 km, but no correlation at greater depths. They conclude
that subducting slabs must be essentially dry by 400-km depth and
thus do not provide a pathway for significant amounts of water to
enter the mantle transition zone or the lower mantle.
Harry W. Green II, Wang-Ping Chen and Michael R. Brudzinski
doi:10.1038/nature09401
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological
pathways affect human height pp832-838
This very large genome-wide association study identifies hundreds of
new genetic variants influencing adult height in at least 180 loci
enriched for genes involved in skeletal growth defects. The results
show that the likely causal gene is often located near the most
strongly associated variant, that many loci have multiple
independently associated variants and that associated variants are
enriched for likely functional effects on genes.
Hana Lango Allen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09410
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=205&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
xnd-1 regulates the global recombination landscape in Caenorhabditis
elegans pp839-843
To facilitate their proper segregation, duplicated meiotic
chromosomes are physically joined by crossovers. Crossover formation
begins with the introduction of meiosis-specific double-strand
breaks. These authors identify a new gene in Caenorhabditis elegans,
xnd-1, that is required for crossover distribution on both the X and
the autosomal chromosomes. Preliminary data suggest that xnd-1 does
this by regulating acetylation of histone H2A on lysine 5.
Cynthia R. Wagner, Lynnette Kuervers, David L. Baillie and
Judith L. Yanowitz
doi:10.1038/nature09429
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=200&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
The structural basis for autonomous dimerization of the pre-T-cell
antigen receptor pp844-848
The pre-T-cell antigen receptor mediates early T-cell development
and differentiation. These authors report its structure and explain
how the head-to-tail dimeric arrangement allows the interaction of
the pre-T[alpha] domain with any variable [beta] domain, and provides
the basis for ligand-independent signalling.
Siew Siew Pang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09448
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
ETV1 is a lineage survival factor that cooperates with KIT in
gastrointestinal stromal tumours pp849-853
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are believed to arise in
interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). These authors show that the
transcription factor ETV1 is required for ICC development and
promotes the development of GIST. KIT, which is often activated by
mutations in GIST, cooperates with ETV1 in the transformation of
ICCs, in part by promoting ETV1 stabilization. Thus, a normal
developmental lineage factor is switched into a tumour-promoting
factor by a cooperating oncogene.
Ping Chi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09409
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Anthrax toxins cooperatively inhibit endocytic recycling by the
Rab11/Sec15 exocyst pp854-858
During infection, Bacillus anthracis secretes two potent toxins
called lethal factor and oedema factor. Using Drosophila melanogaster
as a model system, these authors show that these toxins interact with
the Rab11/Sec15 exocyst, which is involved in endocytic recycling.
This interaction may explain vascular leakage during infection.
Annabel Guichard et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09446
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=321&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Non-muscle myosin IIA is a functional entry receptor for herpes
simplex virus-1 pp859-862
Entry of herpes simplex virus-1 into cells requires cellular
receptors for both envelope glycoprotein B and envelope glycoprotein
D. These authors show that the interaction of non-muscle myosin heavy
chain IIA with envelope glycoprotein B is important for entry of
herpes simplex virus-1.
Jun Arii et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09420
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=332&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Pannexin 1 channels mediate /`find-me/' signal release and membrane
permeability during apoptosis pp863-867
Apoptotic cells discharge ATP and UTP, which act as 'find-me' signals
for phagocytes that in turn engulf dying cells before potentially
harmful cellular contents are released. These authors show that the
release of ATP and UTP is exclusively by means of the plasma membrane
channel pannexin 1, which is opened specifically by caspase activity.
Faraaz B. Chekeni et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09413
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=345&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
The proteasome antechamber maintains substrates in an unfolded
state pp868-871
The proteasome is a multi-protein complex that enzymatically degrades
proteins. Proteolysis occurs in a barrel-shaped 20S core particle
comprising three interconnected cavities, including a pair of
antechambers in which substrates are held before degradation. These
authors demonstrate that substrates interact actively with the
antechamber walls and that the environment in this compartment is
optimized to maintain the substrates in unfolded states so as to be
accessible for hydrolysis.
Amy M. Ruschak et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09444
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=352&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RETRACTION
----------------------
Systemic signals regulate ageing and rejuvenation of blood stem
cell niches p872
Shane R. Mayack, Jennifer L. Shadrach, Francis S. Kim and
Amy J. Wagers
doi:10.1038/nature09474
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=358&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
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Feature
Publications: Publish like a pro p873
Prolific authors and journal editors share how to get manuscripts
noticed, approved and put in print.
Kendall Powell
doi:10.1038/nj7317-873a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Column
A search for stability p875
Embracing the unknowns of scientific research is easier when your job
has certainty, says Claire Thompson.
Claire Thompson
doi:10.1038/nj7317-875a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
By the Numbers
Belgium p876
Biotechnology, space science and nanotechnology play key parts in
Belgium's science agenda.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/nj7317-876a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A
Elisabeth Monard p876
Belgium offers numerous opportunities for foreign researchers.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/nj7317-876b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Super intelligence p878
A dream job.
Tony Stoklosa
doi:10.1038/467878a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
13 October 2010
Single-molecule analysis of Mss116-mediated group II intron folding
Krishanthi S. Karunatilaka, Amanda Solem, Anna Marie Pyle and
David Rueda
doi:10.1038/nature09422
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments
Lutz Becks and Aneil F. Agrawal
doi:10.1038/nature09449
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Satellite phage TLC[phgr] enables toxigenic conversion by CTX phage
through dif site alteration
Faizule Hassan, M. Kamruzzaman, John J. Mekalanos and Shah M. Faruque
doi:10.1038/nature09469
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Pericytes are required for blood-brain barrier integrity during
embryogenesis
Richard Daneman, Lu Zhou, Amanuel A. Kebede and Ben A. Barres
doi:10.1038/nature09513
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Pericytes regulate the blood-brain barrier
Annika Armulik et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09522
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
10 October 2010
Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to
limited moisture supply
Martin Jung et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09396
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Video imaging of walking myosin V by high-speed atomic force
microscopy
Noriyuki Kodera, Daisuke Yamamoto, Ryoki Ishikawa and Toshio Ando
doi:10.1038/nature09450
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=35879536&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODQxMTY0NzES1&mt=1&rt=0
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