30 September 2010 Volume 467 Number 7315, pp 499 - 622
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Eppendorf Young Investigator Award 2011
Prize money: 15,000 Euro
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Eppendorf Award Winner 2009
In 2009 the prize was awarded to �scar Fern�ndez-Capetillo, Head of
the Genomic Instability Group at the Spanish National Cancer Center,
Madrid. Find out more about his research here
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A meeting of minds
Each year, a few hundred young scientists meet with Nobel prize
winning scientists on the German island of Lindau. We joined them
to celebrate the 60th anniversary of this unique meeting of minds.
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EDITORIALS
----------------------
Hope in translation p499
An increasing number of biomedical researchers are testing their
ideas on people. The early-phase clinical-trial results are a
promising sign of greater cooperation between scientists and
clinicians.
doi:10.1038/467499a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Germany rising pp499-500
Twenty years after reunification, Germany is on a path to recover its
former scientific glory.
doi:10.1038/467499b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Defend the quangos p500
UK regulatory bodies are unpopular, but not all deserve the axe.
doi:10.1038/467500a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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WORLD VIEW
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Canada must free scientists to talk to journalists p501
Strict controls on what federal researchers can reveal about their
work is a disservice to science and the public, says Kathryn O'Hara.
Kathryn O'Hara
doi:10.1038/467501a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Botany: Crazy for you, daisy p502
doi:10.1038/467502a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geochemistry: Arctic thaw boosts carbon p502
doi:10.1038/467502b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Zoology: Killer jelly hunts by stealth p502
doi:10.1038/467502c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroimmunology: Autoimmune disease culprit pp502-503
doi:10.1038/467502d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Optics: Through a glass darkly p503
doi:10.1038/467503a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biophysics: DNA replication control p503
doi:10.1038/467503b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=93&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cognitive neuroscience: How self-touch relieves pain p503
doi:10.1038/467503c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Dissolving precious metals p503
doi:10.1038/467503d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geoscience: Ocean colour drives storms p503
doi:10.1038/467503e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
COMMUNITY CHOICE
Cancer biology: Sequencing guides cancer treatment p503
doi:10.1038/467503f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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SEVEN DAYS
----------------------
Seven days: 30 September 2010 pp504-505
The week in science
doi:10.1038/467504a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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Chimps' fate ignites debate pp507-508
Decision to relocate colony of ageing research chimpanzees becomes
political.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/467507a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
No scope for agency collaboration in space pp508-509
Bureaucracy and schedule conflicts could lead to overlapping
dark-energy missions from the United States and Europe.
Adam Mann
doi:10.1038/467508a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Higher education: US school ranking names no winners p510
Graduate programmes are assessed and measured, but stale data could
reduce impact of long-awaited report.
Emma Marris
doi:10.1038/467510a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Brawl in Beijing p511
Critics of Chinese researchers targeted in physical attacks.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/467511a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Policy: Science safe in Brazil elections pp511-512
Next head of state unlikely to upset the status quo.
Anna Petherick
doi:10.1038/467511b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum computers move a step closer p513
Successes at entangling three-circuit systems brighten the prospects
for solid-state quantum computing.
Eugenie Samuel Reich
doi:10.1038/467513a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FEATURES
----------------------
Marine biology: Out of the blue pp514-515
The ten-year Census for Marine Life is about to unveil its final
results. But how deep did the $650-million project go?
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/467514a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=265&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Sabotage! pp516-518
Postdoc Vipul Bhrigu destroyed the experiments of a colleague in
order to get ahead. It took a hidden camera to expose a surreptitious
and malicious side of science.
Brendan Maher
doi:10.1038/467516a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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COMMENT
----------------------
The lost correspondence of Francis Crick pp519-524
Alexander Gann and Jan Witkowski unveil newly found letters between
key players in the DNA story. Strained relationships and vivid
personalities leap off the pages.
Alexander Gann and Jan Witkowski
doi:10.1038/467519a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Climate change: Our emissions obsession pp526-527
Daniel Greenberg scrutinizes Roger Pielke Jr's argument for a greater
emphasis on adapting to climate change.
Daniel S. Greenberg reviews The Climate Fix: What Scientists and
Politicians Won't Tell You About Global Warming by Roger Pielke
doi:10.1038/467526a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Books in brief p527
Joanne Baker
doi:10.1038/467527a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Policy: Towards nuclear zero pp528-529
Fact-packed final volume of a quartet on nuclear security is required
reading, writes Joseph Cirincione.
Joseph Cirincione reviews The Twilight of the Bombs: Recent Challenges,
New Dangers, and the Prospects for a World without Nuclear Weapons by
Richard Rhodes
doi:10.1038/467528a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Environment: Venice's fragile lagoon p529
A section of salt marsh in a Biennale pavilion links the city and its
environment, notes Colin Martin.
Colin Martin reviews Villa Frankenstein: Venice Lagoon
doi:10.1038/467529a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Communication: A better class of heckle p530
Helen Pilcher on the rise of science comedy.
Helen Pilcher
doi:10.1038/467530a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Marine stewardship: a force for good p531
Michel J. Kaiser and Louize Hill
doi:10.1038/467531a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Marine stewardship: fair and impartial p531
Andrew Hough and Paul Knapman
doi:10.1038/467531b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Marine stewardship: high bar for seafood p531
Ray Hilborn and James H. Cowan, Jr
doi:10.1038/467531c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Investigation of warship sinking p531
Choo Kyu ho
doi:10.1038/467531d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS & VIEWS
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Water resources: Beyond infrastructure pp534-535
Projects such as building dams and diverting watercourses enhance
water security for humans. But they do little to protect the
biodiversity of associated ecosystems, and that's a long-term
necessity. See Article p.555
Margaret A. Palmer
doi:10.1038/467534a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Low-temperature physics: Paired in one dimension pp535-536
The trend towards using ultracold atomic gases to explore emergent
phenomena in many-body systems continues to gain momentum. This time
around, they have been used to explore novel pairing mechanisms in
one dimension. See Letter p.567
Immanuel Bloch
doi:10.1038/467535a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=1&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p536
doi:10.1038/467536a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
HIV: Antibodies with a split personality pp537-538
Spikes on the surface of HIV to which antibodies can bind are sparse.
One of nature's solutions is to sometimes produce antibodies that
bind tightly to a spike with one arm and grab another structure with
the other arm. See Letter p.591
Andreas Pluckthun
doi:10.1038/467537a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biogeochemistry: Ocean biomes blended pp538-539
The ratio of nutrient elements in marine subsurface waters is much
the same everywhere, even though biogeochemically distinct ocean
biomes exist. A modelling study that includes mixing solves this
conundrum. See Article p.550
Raymond N. Sambrotto
doi:10.1038/467538a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genomics: The long and the short of it p539
Sadaf Shadan
doi:10.1038/467539a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biodiversity: A standard for species pp540-541
Delimitation of species is especially taxing when populations of
similar organisms occupy non-overlapping geographical ranges. A new
quantitative framework offers a consistent approach for tackling
the problem.
Thomas M. Brooks and Kristofer M. Helgen
doi:10.1038/467540a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanoscience: Dark-hot resonances pp541-542
The resonant behaviour of clusters of gold nanoparticles has been
tuned by gradually bringing the particles together. The approach
could have many applications, including chemical and biological
sensing.
Mark I. Stockman
doi:10.1038/467541a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p542
doi:10.1038/467542a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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PERSPECTIVES
----------------------
Translating cancer research into targeted therapeutics pp543-549
J. S. de Bono and Alan Ashworth
doi:10.1038/nature09339
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=307&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Ocean nutrient ratios governed by plankton biogeography pp550-554
The major nutrients nitrate and phosphate have one of the strongest
correlations in the sea, with a slope similar to the average nitrogen
to phosphorus content of plankton biomass (16:1). Why this global
relationship exists, despite the wide range of nitrogen to phosphorus
ratios at the organism level, is unknown. Here, an ocean circulation
model and observed nutrient distributions have been used to show that
the covariation of dissolved nitrate and phosphate is maintained by
ocean circulation.
Thomas S. Weber and Curtis Deutsch
doi:10.1038/nature09403
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity
pp555-561
Water security affects human wellbeing both directly and indirectly,
through its effects on biodiversity. Here, a global map has been
generated that shows threats to both direct and indirect water
security from a full range of potential stressors. Technological
investments have also been incorporated. The map shows that nearly
80% of the world's population is exposed to high levels of threat to
water security. Investment enables rich nations to offset high
stressor levels, but less wealthy nations remain vulnerable.
C. J. Vorosmarty et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09440
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of RCC1 chromatin factor bound to the nucleosome core
particle pp562-566
The small GTPase Ran regulates nuclear transport and cell division by
creating a gradient of RanGTP around chromosomes. The RCC1 protein
recruits Ran to nucleosomes and activates Ran's nucleotide exchange
activity. Here, the crystal structure of the complex between RCC1 and
the nucleosome core particle is revealed. It provides an atomic view
of how a chromatin protein interacts with the histone and DNA
components of the nucleosome.
Ravindra D. Makde, Joseph R. England, Hemant P. Yennawar and Song Tan
doi:10.1038/nature09321
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
----------------------
Spin-imbalance in a one-dimensional Fermi gas pp567-569
Nearly forty years ago, Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin and Ovchinnikov (FFLO)
proposed an exotic theory of polarized superconductivity. FFLO
correlations have never been observed, but it is thought that in one
dimension (1D) a state with FFLO correlations occupies a major part
of the phase diagram. Now, intriguing measurements are reported of
the phase profile of a two-spin mixture of ultracold 6Li atoms
trapped in an array of 1D tubes. The findings may provide a hint of
FFLO physics.
Yean-an Liao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09393
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Generation of three-qubit entangled states using superconducting
phase qubits pp570-573
Quantum entanglement is one of the key resources required for quantum
computation. In superconducting devices, two-qubit entangled states
have been used to implement simple quantum algorithms, but three-qubit
states, which can be entangled in two fundamentally different ways,
have not been demonstrated. Here, however, three superconducting phase
qubits have been used to create and measure these two entangled
three-qubit states.
Matthew Neeley et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09418
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=234&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Preparation and measurement of three-qubit entanglement in a
superconducting circuit pp574-578
Quantum entanglement is a key resource for technologies such as
quantum communication and computation. A major question for
solid-state quantum information processing is whether an engineered
system can display the three-qubit entanglement necessary for
quantum error correction. A positive answer to this question is now
provided. A circuit quantum electrodynamics device has been used to
demonstrate deterministic production of three-qubit entangled states
and the first step of basic quantum error correction.
L. DiCarlo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09416
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Vertical extension of the subglacial drainage system into basal
crevasses pp579-582
Water within glaciers and ice sheets has a strong potential to
influence ice velocity and, ultimately, the rate of sea-level rise.
But so far direct measurement of the magnitude and characteristics
of water stored within glaciers has proved difficult. Here, a
combination of in situ borehole measurements and radar and seismic
imaging has been used to show that there is an extensive network of
basal crevasses in the Bench Glacier in Alaska. The crevasses hold
water equivalent to at least a decimetre layer.
Joel T. Harper, John H. Bradford, Neil F. Humphrey and
Toby W. Meierbachtol
doi:10.1038/nature09398
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=244&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Decay of aftershock density with distance does not indicate
triggering by dynamic stress pp583-586
Resolving whether static or dynamic stress triggers most aftershocks
and subsequent mainshocks is essential to understand earthquake
interaction and to forecast seismic hazard. It has recently been
argued that the decay of aftershocks with distance from the main
earthquake could be explained only by dynamic triggering. This
hypothesis has now been tested, the conclusion being that the
observed decay can be better explained by static triggering.
Keith Richards-Dinger, Ross S. Stein and Shinji Toda
doi:10.1038/nature09402
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=301&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genome-wide analysis of a long-term evolution experiment with
Drosophila pp587-590
Until now, studies of evolution in the laboratory have primarily been
carried out in asexual systems with small genomes, such as bacteria
and yeast. Here, however, whole-genome resequencing data are
presented from fruitfly populations that have experienced over 600
generations of laboratory selection for accelerated development. The
results suggest that unconditionally advantageous alleles rarely
arise, are associated with small net fitness gains, or cannot fix
because selection coefficients change over time.
Molly K. Burke et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09352
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Polyreactivity increases the apparent affinity of anti-HIV antibodies
by heteroligation pp591-595
During immune responses, antibodies are selected for their ability to
bind to foreign antigens with high affinity, in part by their ability
to undergo homotypic bivalent binding. However, this type of binding
is not always possible. Here, the monoclonal antibodies produced in
two infected subjects in response to human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) glycoprotein have been analysed. The results provide evidence
for polyreactivity, which may be required when the density of
glycoprotein spikes is so low that bivalent binding is unlikely.
Hugo Mouquet et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09385
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Clinical efficacy of a RAF inhibitor needs broad target blockade in
BRAF-mutant melanoma pp596-599
PLX4032 is a selective inhibitor of the B-RAF protein that has shown
promising results in an early clinical trial in melanoma patients
with an activating mutation in B-RAF. Now the structure and function
of this inhibitor are described. Translational data from a phase I
trial show that clinical efficacy requires a substantial degree of
inhibition of the ERK pathway downstream of B-RAF. The data also
show that BRAF-mutant melanomas are highly dependent on B-RAF
activity.
Gideon Bollag et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09454
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=306&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Selectivity mechanism of the nuclear pore complex characterized by
single cargo tracking pp600-603
Nuclear pore complexes selectively transport cargos across the
nuclear envelope. Here, a nuclear transport assay has been developed
that allows the movement of single cargo proteins to be followed in
real time. A succession of transport substeps is observed, and the
NPC is found to be functionally asymmetric to importing cargos. The
study provides insight into the mechanism of selective transport
through the NPC.
Alan R. Lowe et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09285
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=308&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=73&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
In vivo imaging of labelled endogenous [beta]-actin mRNA during
nucleocytoplasmic transport pp604-607
Newly synthesized messenger RNA is exported from the nucleus through
nuclear pores. Here, a new imaging and tracking method has been
developed to study the kinetics of mRNA export, with 20-ms
time-precision and 26-nm spatial precision. A three-step model for
export is presented, comprising docking, transport and release.
Notably, mRNAs can move bi-directionally through the pore complex.
David Grunwald and Robert H. Singer
doi:10.1038/nature09438
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=303&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Identification of a quality-control mechanism for mRNA 5[prime]-end
capping pp608-611
Following their synthesis, eukaryotic messenger RNAs have a
7-methylguanosine cap added to their 5[prime] ends to protect the
mRNAs from degradation. Here it is shown that, in vitro and in yeast,
caps lacking a methyl group are recognized by the Rai1 protein, which
clips off the incomplete cap. The data provide evidence that Rai1 is
part of a quality-control mechanism that monitors, and promotes the
digestion of, aberrant mRNAs that might arise during stress
conditions.
Xinfu Jiao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09338
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Two enzymes bound to one transfer RNA assume alternative
conformations for consecutive reactions pp612-616
In most bacteria and all archaea, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS)
glutamylates both tRNAGlu and tRNAGln; Glu-tRNAGln is then converted
to Gln-tRNAGln by an amidotransferase. Here the structure is
reported of a bacterial complex containing tRNAGln, GluRS and the
amidotransferase GatCAB. The structure provides an explanation for
how the enzymes work consecutively: only one can assume a productive
state at any time. There also seems to be an intermediary state in
which neither enzyme is productive.
Takuhiro Ito and Shigeyuki Yokoyama
doi:10.1038/nature09411
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Anisotropies in cortical tension reveal the physical basis of
polarizing cortical flows pp617-621
In the one-cell Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, anteroposterior
polarization is facilitated by large-scale flow of the actomyosin
cortex, which segregates cortical polarity proteins into anterior
and posterior domains. The underlying forces and physical principles
behind long-range flow are unclear. Here, a new method is described
by which to measure cortical tension. The results identify two
prerequisites for large-scale cortical flow: a gradient in actomyosin
contractility and a sufficiently large viscosity of the cortex.
Mirjam Mayer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09376
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=204&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ERRATUM
----------------------
The genetics of ageing p622
Cynthia J. Kenyon
doi:10.1038/nature09047
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRIGENA
----------------------
Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers
inflammation p622
Paola Scaffidi, Tom Misteli and Marco E. Bianchi
doi:10.1038/nature09475
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=202&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Treatment frontiers p622
Kerri Smith
doi:10.1038/nature09476
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=200&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Career news
Training: The career doctor p623
A survey of UK PhD holders shows that their skills do transfer to
employment, and many graduates aren't bound for academia.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/nj7315-623a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=221&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Column
How to navigate the road ahead p624
University administrators need to understand growing trends if they
are to train their postdocs properly and still advance their research
efforts, argues Rania Sanford.
Rania Sanford
doi:10.1038/nj7315-624a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=213&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
By the numbers
Tennessee p625
Tennessee's science enterprise aims to capitalize on institutional
strengths, a government lab and low costs of living.
Laura Cassiday
doi:10.1038/nj7315-625a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=214&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers Q&A
Thomas Mason p625
Oak Ridge National Lab's director discusses Tennessee's opportunities
and challenges.
Laura Cassiday
doi:10.1038/nj7315-625b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Hey you! p628
Yes, you!
Marko Jankovic
doi:10.1038/467628a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
24 September 2010
Selective inhibition of BET bromodomains near-final version
Panagis Filippakopoulos et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09504
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=217&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
PDF: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=223&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
29 September 2010
Osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL controls development of
progestin-driven mammary cancer
Daniel Schramek et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09387
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural basis for semaphorin signalling through the plexin receptor
Terukazu Nogi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09473
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
U1 snRNP protects pre-mRNAs from premature cleavage and
polyadenylation
Daisuke Kaida et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09479
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
RANK ligand mediates progestin-induced mammary epithelial
proliferation and carcinogenesis
Eva Gonzalez-Suarez et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09495
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
26 September 2010
Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon
Andrea Morello et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09392
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of a fucose transporter in an outward-open conformation
Shangyu Dang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09406
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural basis of semaphorin-plexin signalling
Bert J. C. Janssen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09468
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=35835055&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODMwNjc1OTAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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