| | Social regulation of a rudimentary organ generates complex worker-caste systems in ants
In the ant genus Pheidole the growth of rudimentary wing discs—which influence developmental allometry to produce castes with distinct morphologies—is socially regulated to determine the worker-to-soldier ratio in Pheidole colonies.
Rajendhran Rajakumar, Sophie Koch, Mélanie Couture et al. | Pathogen elimination by probiotic Bacillus via signalling interference
Lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus bacteria block quorum sensing by Staphylococcus aureus and thereby inhibit the growth of this opportunistic pathogen in the gut, suggesting why people in rural Thailand who are colonized by Bacillus are not also colonized by S. aureus.
Pipat Piewngam, Yue Zheng, Thuan H. Nguyen et al. | Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits
A global model finds that the environmental impacts of the food system could increase by 50–90% by 2050, and that dietary changes, improvements in technologies and management, and reductions in food loss and waste will all be needed to mitigate these impacts.
Marco Springmann, Michael Clark, Daniel Mason-D'Croz et al. | Trans-differentiation of outer hair cells into inner hair cells in the absence of INSM1
Conditional deletion of Insm1 in mice demonstrates that INSM1 is the key switch that causes the maturation of outer hair cells in the cochlea, with its absence resulting in an increase in inner hair cells instead.
Teerawat Wiwatpanit, Sarah M. Lorenzen, Jorge A. Cantú et al. | IRE1α–XBP1 controls T cell function in ovarian cancer by regulating mitochondrial activity
In human and mouse models of ovarian cancer, endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of the IRE1α–XBP1 pathway decreases the metabolic fitness of T cells and limits their anti-tumour functions.
Minkyung Song, Tito A. Sandoval, Chang-Suk Chae et al. | Absent forebrain replaced by embryonic stem cells
A new technique, in which forebrain-precursor cells are ablated from early-stage mouse embryos and replaced with embryonic stem cells, promises to facilitate our ability to study the central nervous system.
Jimena Andersen, Sergiu P. Pașca | The dispersion–brightness relation for fast radio bursts from a wide-field survey
A large-scale survey of fast radio bursts—short pulses of radio waves that seem to come from cosmological distances—finds 20 such events, including both the nearest and the most energetic bursts observed so far.
R. M. Shannon, J.-P. Macquart, K. W. Bannister et al. | Cervical excitatory neurons sustain breathing after spinal cord injury
A population of cervical interneurons is identified that can regulate diaphragm function by modulating phrenic motor neurons; targeting this small population of neurons may be a functional strategy to restore breathing after traumatic spinal cord injury.
Kajana Satkunendrarajah, Spyridon K. Karadimas, Alex M. Laliberte et al. | Neural blastocyst complementation enables mouse forebrain organogenesis
Neural blastocyst complementation creates a vacant forebrain niche in host embryos that can be populated by donor embryonic stem cell-derived dorsal telencephalic progenitors, resulting in a mouse brain organogenesis model.
Amelia N. Chang, Zhuoyi Liang, Hai-Qiang Dai et al. | Exciton-polariton topological insulator
A part-light, part-matter exciton-polariton topological insulator is created in an array of semiconductor microcavities.
S. Klembt, T. H. Harder, O. A. Egorov et al. | The war on fake graphene
The material graphene has a vast number of potential applications — but a survey of commercially available graphene samples reveals that research could be undermined by the poor quality of the available material.
Peter Bøggild | A cell identity switch allows residual BCC to survive Hedgehog pathway inhibition
When basal cell carcinoma is treated with a Smoothened inhibitor, a subset of cancer cells evades treatment by switching identity, allowing residual tumours to regrow when treatment is discontinued.
Brian Biehs, Gerrit J. P. Dijkgraaf, Robert Piskol et al. | Battery-operated integrated frequency comb generator
Integrating an optical Kerr frequency comb source with an electronically excited laser pump produces a battery-powered comb generator that does not require external lasers, moveable optics or laboratory set-ups.
Brian Stern, Xingchen Ji, Yoshitomo Okawachi et al. | A slow-cycling LGR5 tumour population mediates basal cell carcinoma relapse after therapy
Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with Smoothened inhibitors leaves a small population of quiescent cells that can drive relapse but can be eliminated by additional treatment with a Wnt signalling inhibitor.
Adriana Sánchez-Danés, Jean-Christophe Larsimont, Mélanie Liagre et al. | | | | | | | Current bulk NGS methods are inadequate to fully characterize cancer. Targeted single-cell DNA analysis resolves genetic heterogeneity, which has critical implications in understanding tumor evolution and the acquisition of therapeutic resistance. Read our spotlight and learn how you can use Tapestri to move precision medicine forward.
| | | | | | The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data
Deep phenotype and genome-wide genetic data from 500,000 individuals from the UK Biobank, describing population structure and relatedness in the cohort, and imputation to increase the number of testable variants to 96 million.
Clare Bycroft, Colin Freeman, Desislava Petkova et al. | | Accurate classification of BRCA1 variants with saturation genome editing
Germline BRCA1 loss-of-function variants are associated with predisposition to early-onset breast and ovarian cancer; here the authors use CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to functionally assess thousands of BRCA1 variants in order to facilitate the clinical interpretation of these variants.
Gregory M. Findlay, Riza M. Daza, Beth Martin et al. | | | Electronic noise due to temperature differences in atomic-scale junctions
A fundamental electronic noise—beyond electronic thermal noise and voltage-activated shot noise—that is generated by temperature differences across nanoscale conductors is demonstrated, with possible implications for thermometry and electronics.
Ofir Shein Lumbroso, Lena Simine, Abraham Nitzan et al. | | Trade-offs in using European forests to meet climate objectives
Simulations of commonly proposed forest-management portfolios for Europe show that no single portfolio would meet all the requirements of the Paris Agreement, and climate benefits from forest management would be modest and local.
Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Guillaume Marie, Aude Valade et al. | | | | | |
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