Nature Reviews Microbiology contents April 2014 Volume 12 Number 4 pp 231-308

TABLE OF CONTENTS
April 2014 Volume 12 Number 4
Impact Factor 22.49 *	In this issue Comment Research Highlights News and Analysis Reviews Perspectives Also this month Article Series: Antibiotic alternatives  Featured article: The cryptic sexual strategies of human fungal pathogens Iuliana V. Ene & Richard J. Bennett
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Comment: ND4BB: addressing the antimicrobial resistance crisis John H. Rex p231 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3245 The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) recently launched its third public-private partnership, ENABLE (European Gram-negative Antibacterial Engine), to tackle the shortage of effective antimicrobial drugs for Gram-negative pathogens. Full Text | PDF
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Parasite development: Master regulator of sex p233 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3242 Two studies show that the AP2-G transcription factor triggers gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium parasites. PDF Bacterial physiology: Mycoplasmal protein binds antibodies p234 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3233 This study identifies a new antibody-binding protein from Mycoplasma spp. that has broad specificty and high affinity for several types of antibodies. PDF Microbiome: Fungal monopoly promotes allergy p234 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3249 Antibiotics can promote allergy by leading to the outgrowth of commensal fungi. PDF Oomycetes: Adaptation after jumping ship p236 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3234 Mutations in an effector protein and its corresponding target protease contribute to host specialization in Phytophthora spp. PDF Structural biology: Activating and guiding Cas9 p236 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3237 Two new structural studies report that Cas9 activation requires guide-RNA loading and highlight the role of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) in Cas9 target recognition and cleavage. PDF Viral evolution: Past, present and future of influenza viruses p237 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3248 Three new modelling studies use genetic data to reconstruct and predict the evolution of influenza viruses. PDF IN BRIEF Biofilms: Biofilm disassembly revisited | Microbiome: Effects of in-feed antibiotics on pig microbiota | Bacterial transcription: Promoter melting by alternative sigma factors | Symbiosis: Activating root nodule organogenesis | Microbiome: Revealing secrets from ancient dental calculus PDF Microbiology JOBS of the week Bioinformaticist Postdoc Fellow - Subsurface Microbiology Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Postdoctoral Fellow in Environmental Microbiology City University of Hong Kong Therapeutic Microbiology Fellow Baylor College of Medicine (BCM)/ Texas Children's Hospital (TCH) research assistant (postdoc) position in cyanobacterial evolutionary genomics Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel Research Scholar University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill More Science jobs from Microbiology EVENT 2nd European Conference of Microbiology and Immunology 06.06.14 Berlin, Germany More science events from
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH Found in translation Lia Chappell p238 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3243 This month's Genome Watch highlights a recent study that used high-throughput sequencing to identify the mRNAs that are actively translated during the life cycle of a protozoan parasite. PDF
REVIEWS		Top
The cryptic sexual strategies of human fungal pathogens Iuliana V. Ene & Richard J. Bennett p239 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3236 Although once thought to be clonal, and thus undergo asexual reproduction, accumulating evidence now suggests that many human fungal pathogens retain sexual reproductive machinery and undergo sexual or parasexual reproduction. Iuliana V. Ene and Richard J. Bennett discuss the sexual cycles of three of the most prominent human pathogens — Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung Jonathan A. McCullers p252 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3231 Mortality from influenza viruses is strongly linked to secondary bacterial invaders. Here, Jonathan A. McCullers reviews viral and bacterial virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of co-infections by disrupting physical barriers, dysregulating immune responses and delaying a return to homeostasis. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Explaining microbial genomic diversity in light of evolutionary ecology Otto X. Cordero & Martin F. Polz p263 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3218 Wild populations of bacteria and archaea show high levels of genotypic diversity. In this Review, Cordero and Polz discuss recent studies that show that this diversity arises owing to social and ecological interactions, which have important consequences for microbial ecology and population dynamics. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Bordetella pertussis pathogenesis: current and future challenges Jeffrey A. Melvin, Erich V. Scheller, Jeff F. Miller & Peggy A. Cotter p274 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3235 The causative agent of whooping cough, Bordetella pertussis, has recently re-emerged as a serious public health concern. Here, Cotter, Miller and colleagues discuss the pathogenesis of pertussis, the shortcomings of current vaccines and the future challenges that need to be addressed for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION In search of a new paradigm for protective immunity to TB Cláudio Nunes-Alves, Matthew G. Booty, Stephen M. Carpenter, Pushpa Jayaraman, Alissa C. Rothchild & Samuel M. Behar p289 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3230 Protective immunity against tuberculosis is multifactorial, and correlates of protection — either during natural infection or after vaccination — are lacking. Here, Behar and colleagues discuss why it is time to look beyond interferon-γ for protective mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
OPINION Article series: Antibiotic alternatives Targeting virulence: can we make evolution-proof drugs? Richard C. Allen, Roman Popat, Stephen P. Diggle & Sam P. Brown p300 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3232 Antivirulence drugs are a promising avenue to revitalize the antimicrobial drug-development pipeline, and it has been claimed that such compounds will generate much weaker selection for resistance than traditional antibiotics. Sam P. Brown and colleagues examine this claim and argue that, although resistance to antivirulence drugs may emerge, the crucial factor is whether or not this resistance will spread. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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