25 March 2010 Volume 464 Number 7288, pp 465 - 640
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California Institute of Technology
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Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
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EDITORIALS
----------------------
Tough love p465
A British research council's 'blacklisting' rule is a radical, unpopular
but courageous effort to address a crisis in the peer-review system.
doi:10.1038/464465a
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Buyer beware pp465-466
Lack of US regulation is allowing dubious dietary supplements to be
sold as life-enhancing elixirs.
doi:10.1038/464465b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Content rules p466
Nature's new online commenting facility opens up the entire magazine
for discussion.
doi:10.1038/464466a
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Biology: A jewel's true colours p468
doi:10.1038/464468a
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Regenerative biology: Pregnancy boosts repair p468
doi:10.1038/464468b
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Chemistry: Water splitting p468
doi:10.1038/464468c
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Imaging: A view to a kill p468
doi:10.1038/464468d
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Evolutionary biology: Lend a helping claw p468
doi:10.1038/464468e
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Geoscience: Marine malaise p469
doi:10.1038/464469a
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Genetics: Cross out crossovers p469
doi:10.1038/464469b
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Neuroscience: Live-action brain cells p469
doi:10.1038/464469c
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Atmospheric science: Paparazzi pollution p469
doi:10.1038/464469d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p469
Michael Brockhurst
doi:10.1038/464469e
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NEWS
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News briefing: 25 March 2010 pp470-471
The week in science
doi:10.1038/464470a
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Fossil finger points to new human species pp472-473
DNA analysis reveals lost relative from 40,000 years ago.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/464472a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Teams set for first taste of Antarctic lakes pp472-473
Samples could reveal unique life forms from beneath the ice.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/464472b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fixing a grant system in crisis pp474-475
Facing a flood of applications from researchers, a UK funding agency
is taking drastic steps — and partners around the world are watching
how it plays out. Richard Van Noorden and Geoff Brumfiel report.
Richard Van Noorden and Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/464474a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
China boosts African research links p477
Expanded programme of academic collaboration promised.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/464477a
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Turkish law could cripple bioscience p478
Research involving transgenic organisms may be strangled by red tape.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/464478a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=320&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
US health bill promises changes for biomedical researchers p479
Translational work set to receive a boost.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/464479a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=318&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction pp479
doi:10.1038/464479b
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NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Ageing: Much ado about ageing pp480-481
Questions about a laboratory assay are making Sirtris, a high-profile
biotechnology company, the talking point of the ageing field.
Heidi Ledford investigates.
doi:10.1038/464480a
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Physics: The Large Human Collider pp482-484
Social scientists have embedded themselves at CERN to study the
world's biggest research collaboration. Zeeya Merali reports on a
10,000-person physics project.
Zeeya Merali
doi:10.1038/464482a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=306&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Industry in academia: ethical frameworks would clarify links p486
Annalee Yassi, Shafik Dharamsi and Jerry Spiegel
doi:10.1038/464486a
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Industry in academia: transparency alone is not enough p486
Theodore Lawry
doi:10.1038/464486b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural changes to aid science in developing countries p486
Mauricio Terrones
doi:10.1038/464486c
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European routes to reinventing Internet technology p486
Jon Crowcroft and Eiko Yoneki
doi:10.1038/464486d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Issues raised by use of ethnic-group names in genome study p487
Carina Schlebusch
doi:10.1038/464487a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Issues raised by use of ethnic-group names in genome study: Schuster
and colleagues reply p487
doi:10.1038/464487b
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Questions over the scientific basis of epigenome project p487
Mark Ptashne, Oliver Hobert and Eric Davidson
doi:10.1038/464487c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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OPINION
----------------------
Let's make science metrics more scientific pp488-489
To capture the essence of good science, stakeholders must combine
forces to create an open, sound and consistent system for measuring
all the activities that make up academic productivity,
says Julia Lane.
doi:10.1038/464488a
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How do morals change? p490
Emotions such as empathy and disgust might be at the root of morality,
but psychologists should also study the roles of deliberation and
debate in how our opinions shift over time,
argues Paul Bloom.
doi:10.1038/464490a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Exposing the longevity business pp491-492
From caloric restriction to red-grape skins, the anti-ageing industry
goes beyond scientific results to market treatments to those who hope
to cheat death, cautions S. Jay Olshansky.
S. Jay Olshansky reviews Eternity Soup: Inside the Quest to End Aging
by Greg Critser
doi:10.1038/464491a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Learning from history's trials p492
Jon Christensen reviews Natural Experiments of History by Jared
Diamond and James A. Robinson
doi:10.1038/464492a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Matisse's methods revealed pp493-494
Josie Glausiusz reviews Matisse: Radical Invention, 1913-1917
doi:10.1038/464493a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evidence for RNA origins p494
Tim Harris reviews Life From an RNA World: The Ancestor Within by
Michael Yarus
doi:10.1038/464494a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Books in brief p494
Joanne Baker
doi:10.1038/464494b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Plant science: The hidden cost of transpiration pp495-496
Theoretical analyses reveal how plant investment in the architecture
of leaf veins can be shuffled for different conditions, minimizing
the construction costs associated with supplying water to leaves.
David J. Beerling and Peter J. Franks
doi:10.1038/464495a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Reconfigurable colloids pp496-498
Colloid particles that form bonds to each other at specific
orientations might self-assemble into all sorts of useful materials.
The key -- and the lock -- to such binding has been
discovered.
Michael J. Solomon
doi:10.1038/464496a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Surface science: Liquid marbles p497
Andrew Mitchinson
doi:10.1038/464497a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Developmental biology: Plumbing the heart pp498-499
Ever since Leonardo da Vinci sketched the heart vessels in his
anatomical notebook in the late fifteenth century, the origin of the
coronary vasculature has been in question. We might just have come
upon the answer.
Paul Riley
doi:10.1038/464498a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p499
doi:10.1038/464499b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Carbon cycle: A warm response by soils pp499-500
The flux of carbon from soils to the atmosphere has apparently
increased with climate warming. But does this reflect a net loss of
carbon to the atmosphere that could exacerbate climate change?
Pete Smith and Changming Fang
doi:10.1038/464499a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=325&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biogeochemistry: NO connection with methane pp500-501
Microorganisms that grow by oxidizing methane come in two basic types,
aerobic and anaerobic. Now we have something in between that generates
its own supply of molecular oxygen by metabolizing nitric oxide.
Ronald S. Oremland
doi:10.1038/464500a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=333&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Obituary: William E. Gordon (1918-2010) p502
Builder of the world's largest radar/radio telescope.
Donald T. Farley
doi:10.1038/464502a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=342&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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INSIGHT
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Ageing p503
Marie-Therese Heemels
doi:10.1038/464503a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=338&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
The genetics of ageing pp504-512
Cynthia J. Kenyon
doi:10.1038/nature08980
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Lessons on longevity from budding yeast pp513-519
Matt Kaeberlein
doi:10.1038/nature08981
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Linking functional decline of telomeres, mitochondria and stem cells
during ageing pp520-528
Ergun Sahin and Ronald A. DePinho
doi:10.1038/nature08982
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=311&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neural mechanisms of ageing and cognitive decline pp529-535
Nicholas A. Bishop, Tao Lu and Bruce A. Yankner
doi:10.1038/nature08983
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biodemography of human ageing pp536-542
James W. Vaupel
doi:10.1038/nature08984
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
----------------------
Nitrite-driven anaerobic methane oxidation by oxygenic bacteria
pp543-548
In certain microbes, the anaerobic oxidation of methane can be linked
to the reduction of nitrates and nitrites. Here it is shown that this
occurs through the intermediate production of oxygen. This brings the
number of known biological pathways for oxygen production to four, with
implications for our understanding of life on the early Earth.
Katharina F. Ettwig et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08883
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Coronary arteries form by developmental reprogramming of venous cells
pp549-553
Prevailing models propose that coronary arteries in the developing
heart are formed from progenitor cells originating in the proepicardium.
It is found here, however, that these arteries arise from angiogenic
sprouts of the major vein that returns circulating blood to the
embryonic heart. Thus some differentiated venous cells retain
developmental plasticity and respond to local signals to convert to
coronary arteries, capillaries and veins.
Kristy Red-Horse, Hiroo Ueno, Irving L. Weissman and Mark A. Krasnow
doi:10.1038/nature08873
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neurogenic radial glia in the outer subventricular zone of human
neocortex pp554-561
In the mammalian brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) produces neural
progenitor cells that migrate into the cortex to populate the upper
layers. In humans this region is massively expanded, producing an outer
SVZ (OSVZ). Here, live-cell imaging of developing human tissue was used
to show that the OSVZ has similar characteristics to the SVZ, with
progenitor cells proliferating in a way that depends on the Notch
protein. The findings have implications for our understanding of how
the complex human brain evolved.
David V. Hansen, Jan H. Lui, Philip R. L. Parker and Arnold R. Kriegstein
doi:10.1038/nature08845
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Escape of about five per cent of Lyman-[alpha] photons from high-redshift
star-forming galaxies pp562-565
The main observational signature of star-forming galaxies at the
highest redshifts is the Lyman-[alpha] (Ly[alpha]) emission line.
But Ly[alpha] photons scatter in the neutral interstellar medium of
their host galaxies, and may therefore be greatly absorbed by
interstellar dust. It is now shown that the average escaping fraction
of Ly[alpha] photons from star-forming galaxies at redshift z = 2.2
is just 5 per cent. This implies that numerous conclusions based on
Ly[alpha]-selected samples will require upwards revision by an order
of magnitude.
Matthew Hayes et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08881
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Anomalous structure in the single particle spectrum of the fractional
quantum Hall effect pp566-570
A two-dimensional gas of electrons is a powerful test-bed for the
fundamental physics of interacting particles, and has been much
studied in the context of integer and fractional quantum Hall effects.
The latest observations of this system reveal prominent structure in
the high energy single particle spectrum that cannot be readily
explained with existing models of this system.
O. E. Dial, R. C. Ashoori, L. N. Pfeiffer and K. W. West
doi:10.1038/nature08941
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Atom-by-atom structural and chemical analysis by annular dark-field
electron microscopy pp571-574
An imaging technique that could identify all the individual atoms,
including defects, in a material would be a useful tool. Here an
electron-microscopy approach to the problem, based on annular
dark-field imaging, is described. A monolayer of boron nitride was
studied, and three types of atomic substitution were identified.
Careful analysis of the data enabled the construction of a detailed
map of the atomic structure.
Ondrej L. Krivanek et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08879
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Lock and key colloids pp575-578
Many functional materials can be created by directing the assembly of
colloidal particles into a desired structure. Control over particle
assembly usually involves the use of molecules such as DNA that can
recognize and bind each other. Here, a simple and effective alternative
is described. Colloidal spheres serve as keys, and monodisperse
colloidal particles with a spherical cavity as locks. These will
spontaneously and reversibly bind to each other via the depletion
interaction if their sizes match.
S. Sacanna, W. T. M. Irvine, P. M. Chaikin and D. J. Pine
doi:10.1038/nature08906
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record
pp579-582
Soil respiration (RS) is the flux of microbial- and plant-respired
carbon dioxide from the soil surface to the atmosphere, and constitutes
the second-largest terrestrial carbon flux. It has been suggested
that RS should change with climate, but this has been difficult to
confirm observationally. It is shown here, however, that the air
temperature anomaly (the deviation from the 1961-1990 mean) correlates
significantly and positively with changes in RS.
Ben Bond-Lamberty and Allison Thomson
doi:10.1038/nature08930
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=208&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
A computational model of teeth and the developmental origins of
morphological variation pp583-586
Genotype and phenotype cannot be connected simply by one-to-one mapping;
instead they are linked by the nonlinear process of development. Here,
a computational model is described -- based on real data about
the development of seal teeth -- that attempts to combine the
three. The results show that a few genetic parameters regulating
signalling during cusp development may explain variation among
individuals. But a cellular parameter regulating epithelial growth
may explain tooth-to-tooth variation along the jaw.
Isaac Salazar-Ciudad and Jukka Jernvall
doi:10.1038/nature08838
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=202&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Whole-genome resequencing reveals loci under selection during chicken
domestication pp587-591
Here, the genomes of birds representing eight populations of domestic
chickens are compared with the genome of their wild ancestor, the red
jungle fowl. The results reveal selective sweeps of favourable alleles
and mutations that may have contributed to domestication. One
selective sweep, for instance, occurred at the locus encoding the
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, which is important in metabolism
and in the timing of vertebrate reproduction.
Carl-Johan Rubin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08832
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=206&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
The dynamic genome of Hydra pp592-596
The freshwater cnidarian Hydra is a significant model for studies of
axial patterning, stem cell biology and regeneration. Its (A+T)-rich
genome has now been sequenced. Comparison of this genome with those of
other animals provides insights into the evolution of epithelia,
contractile tissues, developmentally regulated transcription factors,
pluripotency genes and more.
Jarrod A. Chapman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08830
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Analysis of Drosophila TRPA1 reveals an ancient origin for human
chemical nociception pp597-600
Reactive electrophiles are noxious chemicals, such as acrolein in
cigarette smoke, and are detected by the ion channel TRPA1 in humans.
Here it is shown that TRPA1 channels sense these chemicals in the
gustatory chemosensory neurons of fruitflies and mosquitoes, too.
Further findings show that, unlike with other chemical senses such as
smell or taste, the detection of reactive electrophiles relies on an
ancient sensor that has been conserved in molecular detail through
some 500 million years of evolution.
Kyeongjin Kang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08848
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Primary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4+
cardiomyocytes pp601-605
Zebrafish are able to replace lost heart muscle efficiently, and are
used as a model to understand why natural heart regeneration -- after
a heart attack, for instance -- is blocked in mammals. Here, and in
an accompanying paper, genetic fate-mapping approaches reveal which
cell population contributes prominently to cardiac muscle regeneration
after an injury approximating myocardial infarction. The results show
that cardiac muscle regenerates through activation and expansion of
existing cardiomyocytes, without involving a stem-cell population.
Kazu Kikuchi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08804
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Zebrafish heart regeneration occurs by cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation
and proliferation pp606-609
Zebrafish are able to replace lost heart muscle efficiently, and are
used as a model to understand why natural heart regeneration -- after
a heart attack, for instance -- is blocked in mammals. Here, and in
an accompanying paper, genetic fate-mapping approaches reveal which
cell population contributes prominently to cardiac muscle regeneration
after an injury approximating myocardial infarction. The results show
that cardiac muscle regenerates through activation and expansion of
existing cardiomyocytes, without involving a stem-cell population.
Chris Jopling et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08899
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=177&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations in normal and tumour cells
pp610-614
Each human cell contains hundreds of copies of mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA), making it difficult to characterize mtDNA completely. Here,
massively parallel sequencing-by-synthesis of mtDNA reveals
widespread heterogeneity (heteroplasmy) in the mtDNA of normal human
cells, and homoplasmic and heteroplasmic mutations in cancer cells.
The findings provide new insight into the nature and variability of
mtDNA sequences, with implications for forensic analysis and the
development of biomarkers for cancer.
Yiping He et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08802
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Haploid plants produced by centromere-mediated genome elimination
pp615-618
Making haploid plants -- which inherit chromosomes from only one
parent -- is useful for genetic research and also, crucially, for plant
breeding. A new method for generating haploid Arabidopsis plants is now
described, involving the manipulation of a single centromeric protein,
CENH3. When cenh3 null plants are crossed with wild-type plants, the
mutant chromosomes are eliminated, producing haploid progeny.
Maruthachalam Ravi and Simon W. L. Chan
doi:10.1038/nature08842
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Transcriptional control of preadipocyte determination by Zfp423 pp619-623
An understanding of how fat cells (adipocytes) develop will contribute
to our understanding of obesity. The differentiation of committed
preadipocytes into adipocytes is known to be controlled by PPAR[gamma]
and several other transcription factors. But what turns a cell into a
preadipocyte? Here, the zinc-finger protein Zfp423 is identified as a
transcriptional regulator of preadipocyte determination.
Rana K. Gupta et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08816
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Transcription-independent ARF regulation in oncogenic stress-mediated
p53 responses pp624-627
In response to oncogenic stress, the tumour suppressor ARF activates
the p53 protein. ARF protein is highly stable in most human cell lines,
so it has been thought that ARF activation occurs mainly at the level
of transcription. Here, however, ARF is shown to be unstable in normal
human cells but stable in cancer cells, through a transcription-independent
mechanism. A ubiquitin ligase for ARF is identified and shown to promote
ARF degradation in normal cells. This activity is prevented in cancer
cells, stabilizing ARF.
Delin Chen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08820
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Control of female gamete formation by a small RNA pathway in
Arabidopsis pp628-632
Female gametes in flowering plants develop from a meiotic division of
a precursor cell followed by mitotic divisions of one of the resulting
haploid cells to yield the gametophyte. Here, ARGONAUTE 9 (AGO9) -- a
protein involved in RNA interference -- is identified as a factor
required for specification of the gametophyte. AGO9 is found not in
the cell destined to be the gametophyte, but in the neighbouring
companion cells, suggesting that it functions in a non-cell-autonomous
manner.
Vianey Olmedo-Monfil et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08828
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers Q&A
Cheng-An Lin p635
Cheng-An Lin, a biomedical engineer at Chung Yuan Christian University
(CYCU) in Taiwan, received the 2010 Young Investigator Award from the
International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) on 25 January.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7288-635a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Postdoc pay uncertain p635
US budget deficit could jeopardize salary increase.
doi:10.1038/nj7288-635b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
UK science enrolment up p635
Initiative to boost student interest in science may explain increase.
doi:10.1038/nj7288-635c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Tax threat for postdocs p635
Canadian postdoc association protests over government plans.
doi:10.1038/nj7288-635d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers and Recruitment
Golden opportunity p636
According to some metrics, Indiana's life-sciences sector is among
the nation's top performers. But there are financial and other
challenges. Karen Kaplan maps out the possibilities.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7288-636a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
The drained world p640
Deep thoughts.
Ian Watson
doi:10.1038/464640a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=308&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
24 March 2010
Genome-wide association study of 107 phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana
inbred lines
Susanna Atwell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08800
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=313&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=313&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Human memory strength is predicted by theta-frequency phase-locking
of single neurons
Ueli Rutishauser, Ian B. Ross, Adam N. Mamelak and Erin M. Schuman
doi:10.1038/nature08860
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=324&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=324&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chromatin signature of embryonic pluripotency is established during
genome activation
Nadine L. Vastenhouw et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08866
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=328&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=328&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Zscan4 regulates telomere elongation and genomic stability in ES cells
Michal Zalzman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08882
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=341&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=341&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from
southern Siberia
Johannes Krause et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08976
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Human evolution: Stranger from Siberia
The sequencing of ancient DNA is generating dramatic results. The
sequence from a bone fragment has revealed the existence of an unknown
type of extinct human ancestor that lived in Asia 40,000 years ago.
Terence A. Brown
doi:10.1038/nature09006
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=237&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
21 March 2010
Molecular mechanism of multivesicular body biogenesis by ESCRT
complexes
Thomas Wollert and James H. Hurley
doi:10.1038/nature08849
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bone progenitor dysfunction induces myelodysplasia and secondary
leukaemia
Marc H. G. P. Raaijmakers et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08851
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Identification of two evolutionarily conserved genes regulating
processing of engulfed apoptotic cells
Jason M. Kinchen and Kodi S. Ravichandran
doi:10.1038/nature08853
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Intense star formation within resolved compact regions in a galaxy
at z = 2.3
A. M. Swinbank et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08880
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evidence of RNAi in humans from systemically administered siRNA via
targeted nanoparticles
Mark E. Davis et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08956
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
14 February 2010
Neurogenic radial glia in the outer subventricular zone of human
neocortex
In the mammalian brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) produces neural
progenitor cells that migrate into the cortex to populate the upper
layers. In humans this region is massively expanded, producing an outer
SVZ (OSVZ). Here, live-cell imaging of developing human tissue was used
to show that the OSVZ has similar characteristics to the SVZ, with
progenitor cells proliferating in a way that depends on the Notch
protein. The findings have implications for our understanding of how
the complex human brain evolved.
David V. Hansen, Jan H. Lui, Philip R. L. Parker and Arnold R. Kriegstein
doi:10.1038/nature08845
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Free download alert from Nature Reviews Immunology
Poster on Proximal tyrosine kinases that initiate T cell activation
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=184&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
T cells are central to a successful immune response. Proximal tyrosine
kinases convert signals that are initiated by the recognition of
antigen by the T cell receptor (TCR) into biochemical signals within
the cell, resulting in the activation of T cell effector functions.
This Poster provides an overview of the regulatory mechanisms that
control several proximal tyrosine kinases and highlights ways in
which tyrosine kinases might be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
Download the poster for free
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=184&m=34728964&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Njk0NzgzNDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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